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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the cause of ASD? |
There is no one cause. Combination of ASD risk genes and environment. |
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What constitutes a global development delay? |
Significant delay: 2 SD's on 2 or more developmental domains. Developmental domains: motor, speech & language, adaptive skills, social, cognition. |
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What constitutes Intellectual Development (ID)? |
1. Deficits in intellectual functioning. - IQ < 70 (measures: WISC, SBS, DAS) 2. Deficits in adaptive functioning. - communication, social, daily living skills (measures: Vineland, ABAS) 3. Onset during development, not TBI. |
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There is a ______% overlap between ID and ASD. |
20 - 70% |
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List three differences between ID and ASD. |
1. Distribution of skills (ASD = scattered; ID = evenly distributed). 2. ID = Even verbal; ASD = non-verbal. 3. ID = Language delay; ASD = atypical language 4. ID = compensate verbal difficulties through gestures, facial expression and eye contact. ASD = limited/no compensation. 5. ID = comparable with mental age; ASD = lower then expected based on mental age. 6. ID = adaptive skills similar or better then mental age; ASD = lower then mental age. 7. ASD = reports of skill regression. |
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DSM-V criteria for language disorder includes...? |
1. Marked delay in receptive language or expressive language skills in absence of other developmental issues. i) Grammatical, semantic, social, non-verbal ii) expressive, receptive or both Can affect sign, spoken and written language, and speech production. |
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Hyperlexia (HPL) can be an ASD warning sign. What is the % of comorbidity with ASD? |
5- 10% |
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HPL manifests: |
Manifests: 1. high level of word decoding/early readers 2. discrepancy between single word reading level and comprehension |
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HPL: What might this be associated with? |
May be associated with obsessive behaviour (over practicing) and/or general language.communicative difficulties. |
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What are three medical co-morbidities? |
1. Seizures: 25% of ASD cases 2. Insomnia & abnormal sleep patterns: 60% of ASD cases. 3. Gastrointestinal symptoms: reported statistics of 9 - 91%, figures no really known. i) constipation (6-45%), diarrhoea (3 - 77%), bloating/abdominal pain (2 -41%). |
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What is Pica? |
The problem of consuming non-food products. |
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All girls with ASD should be monitored for what genetic co-morbidity? |
Rett syndrome |
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Common genes/risk factors in ASD are: |
1. ADHD 2. Schizophrenia 3. Depression 4. Bipolar |
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List two genetic syndrome co-morbidities. |
i) Fragile X: 30 - 60% meet ASD criteria ii) FMR1 mutations (2%) iii) Down syndrome (7%) iv) Turner Syndrome v) PTEN (macrophaly) (1-17%) vi) Cowden Syndrome vii) Bannayan-Riley-Ruvlacaba Syndrome viii) Rett Syndrome |
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Genetic causes for these include: |
1. Chromosomal abnormalities: i) 5% copy number variants (deletion, duplicates approximately 10-20%) 2. Single gene disorders (5%) |
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List three symptoms of Angelman Syndrome? |
1. Delayed development (6-12 months) 2. Seizures/epilepsy (EEG abnormalities) 3. Micropcephaly 4. Happy demeanour: hand flapping, smiling, laughing, hyper 5. Water fascination 6. Distinctive facial features: flattened back of head, deep set eyes, wide ever-smiling mouth, prominent jaw, widely spaced teeth, lightly pigmented hair, skin and eyes. 7. Sleep difficulties |
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Angelman Syndrome can easily be mistaken for ASD due to common symptoms. What is the major difference between the two? |
Individuals with Angelman Syndrom are typically highly sociable, whereas individuals with ASD are not. |
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Behavioural Co-morbidities include: |
1. Anxiety, OCD & Tic disorders: 66.5% i) 11% vocal or motor tics 2. ADHD: 59.1% 3. Phobias: 52.7% |
