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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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List three reasons why the diagnosis of ASD can be difficult |
1. symptoms can be different in different people (individual variability) 2. symptoms are expressed differently at different chronological ages and mental stages 3. diagnostics classifications and assessment tools are imperfect. |
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What is specificity? |
proportion of children without ASD, correctly identified |
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What is sensitivity? |
proportion of children with ASD, correctly identified |
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At what age is the Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (CHAT) administered, and how good is the specificity and sensitivity? |
administered at 18 months. Excellent specificity (98%), poor sensitivity (38%). |
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At what age is the modified CHAT administered, and how good is the specificity? |
24 months, poor specificity |
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At what age is the Early Screening of Autistic Traits Questionnaire (ESAT) administered and how good is the sensitivity? |
14 months, low sensitivity |
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What were two problems with ASD screenings raised in the lecture? |
1. reliance of parental report 2. unnecessarily raising concerns. |
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When can the social attention and communication study (SACS) be administered? |
12, 18, 24, and 36 months |
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how is the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule conducted?
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semi structured observation assessment of skills for interacting with an unfamiliar adult |
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how is the Autism Diagnostic Interview - Revised conducted? |
semi structured interview assessment with parent. |
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consider responded accuracy |
poor recall/biased responses |
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What skills does the Mullen scale of Early Learning assess? |
Visuo spatial Gross Motor Fine Motor Receptive language Expressive language |
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In completion of the Mullen Scale of Early Learning, what score would indicate a typical development?
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Typical development score would consist of the same average throughout all subcategories (eg, all answers 70 - 73) |
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In compretion of the Mullen Scale of Early Learning, what score would indicate ASD? |
ASD would display diverse scores throughout the subcategories (eg, 70 fine motor, 30 receptic language, 37 visuo spatial skills) |
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What are some reasons a diagnosis of ASD may be delayed? `
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1. Delayed referral
2. not all symptoms necessarily clear before 3 years of age 3. interval between first concerns and seeking help 4. false negatives |
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What percentage of parents are given a false negative when seeking help for an ASD diagnosis? |
50% |
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What is the interval between a parents first concerns and seeking help? |
6 months |
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What is the average time between parent's first concerns and an official ASD diagnosis? |
2 - 4 years |
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What age is an ASD diagnosis usually given? |
Between 3 and 5 years (average age 4.1 years) |
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What are the four broad methods for identifying the early signs of ASD? |
1. retrospective parent reports 2. retrospective analysis of home video footage 3. prospective high-risk sibling studies 4. prospective community-based screeing/surveillance studies |
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What is involved in retrospective parent report and what is a potential limitation? |
interview/questionnaire with the parent. limited due to potential recall/response biases |
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What do retrospective home videos search for? |
early social attention and communication behaviours, eye contact, joint attention, imitation, sensory and repetitive behaviours |
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What do high risk sibling studies look for? |
Early social and communication symptoms from 12 months Few overt social symptoms before 12 months |
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simplex |
only one ASD case in a family |
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multiplex |
multiple ASD in the family |
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What are the three stages ASD symptoms may appear |
1. Innate 2. Plateau 3. Regression |
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Innate |
born with and presents immediately |
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Plateau |
starts fine but rate of development slows |
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Regression |
everything good then sudden skill loss |
