Psy1102B: Extra Content On Midterms

Front 1

Gottesman's Limit-Setting Model defines the (blank) of your characteristics and development. Where you fall on this limit is based on your (blank).

Back 1

1. Upper and lower limits.

2. Environment.

Front 2

Define the reaction range.

Back 2

The range of ability or skill that is set by the genes.

Front 3

What does the reaction range explain?

Back 3

It explains innate talents and proficiencies dictated by genes at birth.

Example: some people are "born" to play professionally in the NHL, whilst others can train their entire lives and never reach the same potential.

Front 4

Your genes indicate that you can grow to be somewhere between 5 and 6 feet tall. Which aspect of the environment will determine where exactly you fall on the reaction range?

Back 4

Diet (or nutrition).

Front 5

Besides physical attributes, Gottesman's Level-Setting Model can also be used to predict ranges for (blank), pace of development, and (blank).

Back 5

1. Personality.

2. Intelligence.

Front 6

Personality variation in a population is 50% (blank), 10% due (blank), and 40% due to (blank).

Back 6

1. Heritable.

2. Shared environment.

3. Unshared environment.

Front 7

Describe unshared environment.

Back 7

Interactions and experiences that affect one individual, but not another in an otherwise shared environment.

Front 8

How do peers and teachers affect the unshared environment?

Back 8

Peers may treat one person differently than another. A teacher may treat a smarter student more preferably than the student's rough-housing sibling.

Front 9

In the case of a shared environment between siblings, what three key aspects are considered "shared"?

Back 9

House, neighbourhood, and parents.

Front 10

The unshared environment helps to explain as to why siblings have (blank).

Back 10

Different personalities.

Front 11

What range (in weeks) is a foetus considered "viable"?

Back 11

23-24 weeks post-conception.

Front 12

Define age of viability.

Back 12

The number of weeks post-conception where a foetus has approximately a 50% of surviving outside of the womb, usually with medical support.

Front 13

A foetus that is born before the end of the gestational period is called a (blank).

Back 13

Preemie.

Front 14

What four aspects of development are impaired when a baby is born prematurely?

Back 14

1. Respiratory system (lungs).

2. Digestive system (stomach).

3. Antibodies.

4. Quantity of insulating fat.

Front 15

Define surfactant. At what month is surfactant present in the foetus?

Back 15

1. Mucus that lines the lungs that allows for the transfer of Oxygen and Carbon monoxide in the blood.

2. Final month.

Front 16

At what point in gestation does a foetus acquire antibodies? How does a foetus acquire antibodies versus a born child?

Back 16

1. Between the eighth and ninth month.

2. Before this period, antibodies would be acquired naturally, thus posing a health risk. The mother provides antibodies to the foetus in the final months of gestation.

Front 17

When does insulating fat appear on the foetus?

Back 17

Final month.

Front 18

Children try to maintain (blank) to the people with whom they build (blank). This is called (blank).

Back 18

1. Proximity.

2. Attachments.

3. Proximity maintenance.

Front 19

Define the behaviour of children who have formed a secure base. Of what is this indicative in terms of parenting?

Back 19

1. Children will venture out to explore, but return periodically to check in.

2. Responsive parenting.

Front 20

In secure base attachment, it is said that there is an imaginary (blank) between the child and their parent.

Back 20

Tether.

Front 21

In safe haven attachment, a child finds...

Back 21

A person he/she can turn to when frightened or in need of consolation.

Front 22

When does separation anxiety begin, and when does it peak? This is in coordination with when infants become...

Back 22

1. Six months.

2. Thirteen months.

3. Mobile.

Front 23

What behaviour is indicative of separation anxiety?

Back 23

Children protest whenever separated from the attachment figure.

Front 24

For what two reasons do children use attachment?

Back 24

1. Safety.

2. Exploration.

Front 25

When does separation anxiety fade?

Back 25

Between eighteen months and two years of age.

Front 26

What is stranger anxiety, and when does it begin?

Back 26

1. The fear of strangers or unknown people.

2. Eight months.

Front 27

Describe secure attachment. In what percentage of infants does this generally occur? This type of attachment occurs when parents are...

Back 27

1. Children play comfortably when mother is present, but become distressed (separation anxiety) when the mother leaves; when she returns, children are easy to console and seek contact.

2. 60%.

3. Responsive.

Front 28

Define insecure attachment. In what percentage of infants does this generally occur?

Back 28

1. Children are less likely to explore when the mother is present, and they are insecure when the mother is present.

2. 40%.

Front 29

What are the two sub-groups of insecure attachment?

Back 29

1. Insecure-avoidant.

2. Insecure-resistant.

Front 30

Explain the three characteristics of the insecure-avoidant sub-group of attachment.

Back 30

1. The child shows little outward distress when the mother leaves; however, [s]he is physiologically distressed.

2. When the mother returns, the child does not greet her, but [s]he is physiologically no longer distressed.

3. Eye contact is avoided.

Front 31

What kind of parent fosters the insecure-resistant sub-group of attachment?

Back 31

Non responsive parent.

Front 32

Explain the insecure-resistant sub-group of attachment.

Back 32

The child is extremely distressed when the mother leaves. When she returns, the child may seek contact; however, [s]he is angry and aggressive, and very difficult to console.

Front 33

It is important to remember that (blank) also plays a role in attachment theories and parenting styles.

Back 33

Child temperment.

Front 34

Responsiveness can also be defined as how much (blank) a parent exudes.

Back 34

Warmth.

Front 35

Contrast moral reasoning and moral intuition.

Back 35

Moral reasoning: moral truths/judgments are not evidence until a rational analysis of all pertinents factors has been performed.

Moral intuition: moral truths/judgments are automatic and self-evident; intuition comes first, and rational justification of this intuition follows.

Front 36

Moral reasoning can be seen as having the role of a (blank), whilst moral intuition can be seen as having the role of a (blank).

Back 36

1. Judge.

2. Lawyer.

Front 37

Brain size, or more specifically the number of (blank) and (blank) you have, moderately correlates with (blank).

Back 37

1. Neurons.

2. Glial cells.

3. Intelligence.

Front 38

The parietal lobe is responsible for what two functions?

Back 38

1. Mathematical reasoning.

2. Thinking.

Front 39

The degree of connectivity, or (blank), in the brain may also be indicative of higher intelligence.

Back 39

Synapses.

Front 40

The greater the number of (blank), the more correlatively intelligent you may be.

Back 40

Synaptic connections.

Front 41

Synaptic connections in the (blank) of the brain reach the (blank) and finally, the (blank). Describe this relationship using the functions of these areas.

Back 41

1. Sensory areas.

2. Parietal lobe.

3. Frontal lobe.

4. See/feel/hear followed by analysis followed by reasoning/decision-making.

Front 42

Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of Intelligence included "practical intelligence", or...

Back 42

Social intelligence.

Front 43

Understanding where you fit in the (blank), as well as having (blank) of your strengths and weaknesses, are indicators of (blank).

Back 43

1. Environment.

2. Awareness.

3. Practical intelligence.