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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what are the four types of parenting styles? which type is the best
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authoritative (reciprocal, responsive), authoritarian (controlling, assertive), permissive (indulgent, low control), and neglecting (uninvolved)
authoritative is best |
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Shweder and colleagues found that Indian parents are more likely to sleep in the same room as their children. why
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americans place more value on providing parents with exclusive sleeping place. also, protection of chastity
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the term noun bias refers to? is this universal?
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the first words children tend to learns are nouns rather than action words. not a universal, in other countries children learn verbs first
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at what age to babies lose the ability to recognize a majority of different sounds not being used in their own language?
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10-12 months
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why does learning a language become difficult as we age
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the plasticity of our brain declines
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what traits make up the big five? what behaviors are a part of these traits?
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openness-adventerous
conscientiousness-organized, thoughtful extraversion-sociable, outgoing agreeableness-friendly, trustworthy neuroticism-unstable, anxious |
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what are mcadams 3 levels of personality?
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identity-life story
personal concerns-goals, characteristics dispositions-traits |
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entity of self
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stable/unchangeable personality, subject to outside influence (if they lose chess they will stop playing since they "cant" get better)
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why do motivations for self-consistency appear weaker among east asians than among westerners?
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in the west self-consistency correlates more strongly with subjective well-being and with being liked by others than it does in east asia
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what self-enhancement strategy is not very helpful/painful?
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upward social comparison
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people from eastern cultures are more likely to be ---- motivated to continue with a task they did well at compared with western cultures who would be ---- motivated
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less, more
(asia is more motivated by failure) |
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primary control vs secondary control
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incremental, they can change world/circumstances
entity, accepting current circumstances |
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20 red cars, 12 black cars. what will east asians pick?
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red, they go with the majority
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Iyengar and colleagues work on choice across cultures finds that asians prefer a task that an ---- person chooses rather than a ----- person
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ingroup, outgroup
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dispositional attribution vs situational attribution
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personal characteristics ie adj, personality, used by americans
contextual surroundings, ie outside influence, used by asians |
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analytic vs holistic
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categorization based on strict rules, focus on objects/attributes/parts, abstract thought, used by americans
categorization based on relationships, focus on whole concept, free thought, used by asians |
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what are the 2 primary reasons for co-sleeping with children?
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not enough room, comfort
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what were the beliefs of the protestant reformation? why did this cause motivation?
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•Individualized relation with God, Each person has a “calling,” a unique God-given purpose to fulfill), A belief in “predestination” (before one was born, it was already determined whether one was going to heaven or hell), It was part of moral duty to workand only the “elect” were believed to be rewarded. As people worked hard, theywere often rewarded making them believe they were part of the elite group.
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creativity, individualistic vs collectivistic
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tend to focus on novelty, "game changers"
focus on usefulness/appropiateness, improve upon exisisting products |
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what kind of process is talking?
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analytic, we can only specify one idea at a time arranged in a sequence, hinders holistic thinkers where all info is relevant
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naive dialecticism
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relative acceptance for contradictions, everything is connected
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aristotle's principles
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law of identity, a=a
law of excluded middle, a=b or a=not b law of contradiction, a cannot=not a (a is always only a) |
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fundamental attribution error
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higher likliness to explain behavior based on dispositional attributes
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critical period
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–Aperiod of time in an individual’s development that allows for the relativelyeasy acquisition of a set of skills.
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origins of gender equality
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bosterup (1970), cultural differences in gender may result from a type of agricultural method (use of ploughs)
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cognitive dissonance
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our strong motivations to be consistent lead us to feel distress/dissonance when we recognize inconsistencies between our attitudes/beliefs and our behaviors
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prevention vs promotion
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merely meeting goals, staying safe (us)
seeking advancement (asia) |
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luria
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memory, language, cognition
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feral children
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genie, no human contact
oksana, raised by dogs victor |