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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Systemic observation
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Naturalistic and structured (Mary Ainsworth and attachment)
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Self reports
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Clinical interview (question, response, question based on response), structured interviews, questionnaires, tests
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Data collection methods (4)
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Systemic observation, self reports, case studies, and ethnography
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Clinical method
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Brings together a wide range of info on one person (interviews, observations, and test scores)
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General research designs (2)
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Correlational, experimental
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Independent variable
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The factor that is manipulated. The suspected causal factor in the the relationship being studied
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Dependent variable
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The outcome you are studying. The factor that you suspect is effected by X.
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Behaviorists (2 major)
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John Watson and B. F. Skinner
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Watson
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Classical
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Skinner
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Operant
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Behavorism
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NURTURE!! can produce any behavior we want
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Albert Bandura
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Social Learning Theory (Cognitive behaviorism)
- learn by modeling others - Self-efficacy |
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Cognitive or Information Processing Approach
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Human cognition best understood as the management of information through system with limited space or resources
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Nature
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Twin studies and adoption studies
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Transactional model
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Development occurs as a result of the interplay of biology and experience over time
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Piaget
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Cognitive-Development Theory
4 stages |
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Cognitive-Development Theory
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Schemas, assimilation, accommodation (different age groups conceptualize the world in completely different ways) FOCUSED ON CHILDREN
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Freud
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Father of psychoanalitic theory, unconscious motivations for behaviors, studied nervous disorders
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Erikson
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-Psychosocial Develpment
-The father of lifespan development -Core development tasks |
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Development
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Genotype --> Phenotype
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Sperm cells and egg cells are called?
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Gametes
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Sperm cell (23) + egg cell (23)
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Zygote (46)
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Genes which produce traits
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Structural genes
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Homozygous
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When both members of a gene pair have the same allelic form
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Partial dominance
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Both alleles are expressed, resulting in a combined trait (sickle cell anemia)
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Gene and chromosomal abnormalities
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Either have both of the recessive genes, or be a boy to get b/c they don't have anything to mask it on the Y chromosome
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Disease caused by a dominant gene
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Huntington's Disease
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PKU
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Recessive trait from both parents, need to alter diet to not injure nervous system, can't break down proteins
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Sex-linked disease ex.
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Hemophilia
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Fragile X
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- leading cause of familial retardataion
- only mother to child - anticipation |
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Anticipation
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Severity increases as the abnormal gene is passed along from one generation to the next
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Fragile X in girls
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Shy, learning disabilities, normal IQ, large ears
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Fragile X in boys
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Fully expressed mental retardation, autism, loose joints, large genitals, ears, and long nose
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Charge Syndrome
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Vision, hearing, development, small stature, int. upper resp
-caused by mutation (mistake during meiosis) |
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Kinship studies
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Studies of individuals with differing degrees of biological relatedness. (How we study how heredity and environment work together)
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Niche-picking
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The tendency to actively choose environments that complement our heredity
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Viable
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Fetus can live on its own at 7 months (fat forms last 2 months)
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Teratogens
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Environmental agents that upset the course of development following conception (monster producing)
Can act directly on the baby or through mom |
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Diagnostic procedures (3)
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-Ultrasounds
-Amniocentesis -Chronic Villi sampling |
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Apgar Scale (5 steps)
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New born evaluation
-Heart rate -Respiratory effort -muscle tone -reflex responsively -color 10-perfect, 4 or less- risk |
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Low birth weight
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Less than 2,500 grams (5.5 lbs)
VERY LOW- 1,500 grams (3.3 lbs) |
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Small for gestational age infants
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weigh less than 90% of all babies born at the same age
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Medical problems of low birth weight babies
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- Respiratory distress
-neurological -Chronic lung disease, cerebal palsy, blindess, deafness -cognitive -attentional and behavioral -mother's edu a factor |
