Psy 215

Front 1

Abnormal Psychology

Back 1

The scientific study of abnormal behavior undertaken to describe, predict, explain, and change abnormal patterns of functioning.

Front 2

Norms

Back 2

A society's stated and unstated rules for proper conduct

Front 3

Culture

Back 3

A people's common history, values, institutions, habits, skills, technology, and arts

Front 4

Treatment

Back 4

A systematic procedure designed to change abnormal behavior into mote normal behavior. Also called therapy.

Front 5

Trephination

Back 5

An ancient operation in which a stone instrument was used to cut away a circular section of the skull to treat abnormal behavior.

Front 6

Humors

Back 6

According to the Greeks and Romans, bodily chemicals that influence mental and physical functioning

Front 7

Asylum

Back 7

A type of institution that first became popular in the sixteenth century to provide care for persons with mental disorders. Most asylums became virtual prisons.

Front 8

What were doctors who treated people with mental disorders in the eighteenth century called?

Back 8

Mad-doctors

Front 9

Moral treatment

Back 9

A nineteenth-century approach to treating people with mental dysfunction that ephasized moral guidance and humane and respectful treatment.

Front 10

State hospitals

Back 10

State-run public mental institutions in the United States

Front 11

Somatogenic perspective

Back 11

The view that abnormal functioning has physical causes.

Front 12

Psychogenic perspective

Back 12

The view that the chief causes of abnormal functioning are psychological

Front 13

Psychoanalysis

Back 13

Either the theory or the treatment of abnormal mental functioning that ephasizes unconcious psychological forces as the cause of psychopathology.

Front 14

Psychotropic medications

Back 14

Drugs that mainly affect the brain and reduce many symptoms of mental dysfunction

Front 15

Deinstitutionalization

Back 15

The practice, begun in the 1960s, of releasing hundreds of thousands of patients from public mental hospitals.

Front 16

Private psychotherapy

Back 16

An arrangement in which a person directly pays a therapist for counseling services.

Front 17

Prevention

Back 17

Interventions aimed at deterring mental disorders before they can develop.

Front 18

Positive psychology

Back 18

The study and enhancement of positive feelings, traits, and abilities.

Front 19

Multicultural psychology

Back 19

The field that examines the impact of culture, race, ethnicity, and gender on behaviors and thoughts, and focuses on how such factors may influence the origin, nature, and treatment of abnormal behavior.

Front 20

Managed care program

Back 20

Health care coverage in which the insurance company largely controls the nature, scope, and cost of medical or psychological services

Front 21

Telemental health

Back 21

The use of remote technologies, such as long-distance videoconferencing, to deliver mental health services without the therapist being physically present

Front 22

Nomothetic understanding

Back 22

A general understanding of the nature, causes, and treatments of abnormal functioning, in the form of laws or principles that apply across people

Front 23

Scientific method

Back 23

The process of systematically gathering and evaluating information, through careful observations, to understand a phenomenon

Front 24

Hypothesis

Back 24

A hunch or prediction that certain variables are related in certain ways.

Front 25

Case study

Back 25

A detailed account of a person's life and psychological problems

Front 26

Correlation

Back 26

The degree to which events or characteristics vary along with eachother

Front 27

Correlational method

Back 27

A research procedure used to determine how much events or characteristics vary along with each other

Front 28

Experiment

Back 28

A research procedure in which a variable is manipulated and the effect of that manipulation on another variable is observed

Front 29

Independent variable

Back 29

The variable in an experiment that is manipulated to determine whether it has an effect on another variable

Hint 29

IVC

Front 30

Dependent variable

Back 30

The variable in an experiment that is expected to change as the independent variable is manipulated

Hint 30

DVM

Front 31

Confound

Back 31

In an experiment, a variable other than the independent variable that is also acting on the dependent variable

Front 32

Control group

Back 32

In the experiment, a group of participants who are not exposed to the independent variable

Front 33

Experimental group

Back 33

In an experiment, the participants who are exposed to the independent variable under investigation

Front 34

Random assignment

Back 34

A selection procedure in an experiment that ensures that participants are randomly placed either in the control group or in the experimental group.

Front 35

Masked design

Back 35

A feature of an experiment in which participants do not know whether they are in the experimental or the control condition

Hint 35

Alt name: Blind design

Front 36

Placebo therapy

Back 36

A pretend treatment that the participant in an experiment belives to be genuine.

Front 37

Quasi-experimental design

Back 37

A research deisgn that fails to include key elements of a "pure" experiment and/or intermixes elements of both experimental and correlational studies.

Front 38

Matched deisgn

Back 38

A research design that matches the experimental participants with control participants who are similar on key characteristics.

Front 39

Natural experiment

Back 39

An experiment in which nature, rather than an experimenter, manipulates an independent variable.

Front 40

Analogue experiment

Back 40

A research method in which the experimenter produces abnormal-like behavior in labratory paricipants and then conducts experiments on the participants.

Front 41

Single-case experimental design

Back 41

A research method in which a single participant is observed and measured both before and after the manipulation if an independent variable.

Hint 41

Single-subject experimental design

Front 42

Epidemiological study

Back 42

A study that measures the incidence and prevalence of a problem, such as a disorder, in a given population

Front 43

Incidence

Back 43

The number of new cases of a disorder occuring in a population over a specific period of time

Front 44

Prevalence

Back 44

The total number of cases of a disorder occuring in a population over a specific period of time.

Front 45

Institutional Review Board (IRB)

Back 45

An ethics committee in a research facility that is empowered to protect the rights and safety of human research participants.

Front 46

What features are common to abnormal psychological functioning?

Back 46

[ x ]

Hint 46

PP. 2-4

Front 47

Name two forms of past treatments that reflect a demonological view of abnormal behavior.

Back 47

[ x ]

Hint 47

PP. 7-11

Front 48

Give examples of the somatogenic view of psychological abnormality from Hippocrates, the Renaissance, the nineenth century, and the twentieth century.

Back 48

[x]

Hint 48

PP. 8-15

Front 49

Describe the major changes that have occurred since the 1950s in the understanding and treatment of psychological abnormality.

Back 49

[x]

Hint 49

PP. 13-20

Front 50

What are the advantages and disadvantages of the case study, correlational method, and experimental method?

Back 50

[x]

Hint 50

PP. 21-27

Front 51

Describe six alternative research designs often used by investigators.

Back 51

[x]

Hint 51

PP. 27-29

Front 52

What are Insitutional Review Boards, and what are their responsibilities and goals?

Back 52

[ x]

Hint 52

PP. 30-32

Front 53

What are the "four Ds"

Back 53

- Deviance

- Distress

- Dysfunction

- Danger

Front 54

In regards to the "four Ds", what does "deviance" mean?

Back 54

Different, extreme, unusual, perhaps even bizzare.

Hint 54

Pg. 2

Front 55

In regards to the "four Ds", what does 'dysfunctional' mean?

Back 55

Interfering with the person's ability to conduct daily activities in a constructive way.

Hint 55

PG. 2

Front 56

15 characteristics common to the eccentricts in David Weeks (2015) study

Back 56

- nonconformity

- creativity

- strong curiosity

- idealism

- extreme interests and hobbies

- lifelong awareness of being different

- high intelligence

- outspokenness

- noncompetitiveness

- unusual eating and living habits

- disinterest in others opinions or company

- mischievous senss of humor

- nonmarriage

- eldest or only child

- poor spelling skills

Hint 56

PG. 5

Front 57

What did Hippocrates (460-377 b.c.e) consider to be the four humors?

Back 57

- yellow bile

- black bile

- blood

- phlegm

Hint 57

PG. 8

Front 58

What is "mass madness"

Back 58

Large numbers of people apparently sharing absurd false beliefs and imagined sights or sounds.

Hint 58

Ex. Tarantism , Lycanthropy

PG. 8-9

Front 59

How might social media, such as Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook, facilitate current forms of mass madness?

Back 59

[x]

Hint 59

PG. 9

Front 60

Who is considered the founder of the modern study of psychopathology?

Back 60

German physician Johann Weyer (1515-1588)

Hint 60

PG. 9

Front 61

La Bicêtre

Back 61

Asylum in Paris for male patients

Considered the first site of asylum reform

Hint 61

PG. 10

Front 62

Who founded York Retreat in 1796?

Back 62

English Quaker, William Tuke (1732-1819)

Hint 62

PG. 10

Front 63

The methods of Pinel and Tuke were called...

Back 63

Moral treatment

Hint 63

PG. 10

Front 64

The methods of Pinel and Tuke were called...

Back 64

Moral treatment

Hint 64

PG. 10

Front 65

Benjamin Rush (1745-1813)

Back 65

-Responsible for early spread of moral treatment in the United States-Eminent physician at Pennsylvania Hospital -Father of American Psychology

Front 66

Who was Dorothea Dix (1802-1887)?

Back 66

- Boston schoolteacher

- made humane care a public and political concern in the United States

- Boston schoolteacher- made humane care a public and political concern in the United States- Campaign led to new laws and greater government funding to improve the treatment of people with mental disorders

Front 67

Informed consent

Back 67

Before enlisting, the participants are adequately informed about what the study entails

Hint 67

PG 30

Front 68

Model

Back 68

A set of assumptions and concepts that help scientists explain and interpret observations

Hint 68

Also called a Paradigm

PG 36

Front 69

Neuron

Back 69

A nerve cell

Hint 69

PG 37

Front 70

Synapse

Back 70

The tiny space between the nerve ending of one neuron and the dendrite of another

Hint 70

PG 37

Front 71

Neurotransmitter

Back 71

A chemical that, released by one neuron, crosses the synaptic space to be reiceved at receptors on the dendrites of neighboring neurons.

Hint 71

PG 37

Front 72

Receptor

Back 72

A site on a neuron that receives a neurotransmitter

Hint 72

Pg 37

Front 73

Paradigm

Back 73

A set of assumptions and concepts that help scientists explain and interpret observations

Hint 73

Also called a Model

PG 36

Front 74

Hormones

Back 74

The chemicals released by endocrine glands into the bloodstream to help control activities such as growth, reproduction, sexual activity, heart rate, body temperature, and responses to stress

Hint 74

PG 38

Front 75

Brain circuit

Back 75

A network of particular brain structures that work together, triggering each other into action to produce a distinct kind of behavioral, cognitive, or emotional reaction.

Hint 75

PG 38

Front 76

Genes

Back 76

Chromosome segments that control the characteristics and traits we inherit.

Hint 76

PG 39

Front 77

Psychotropic Medications

Back 77

Drugs that primarily affect the brain and reduce many symptoms of mental dysfunction

Hint 77

PG 40

Front 78

Brain stimulation

Back 78

Interventions that directly or indirectly stimulate the brain in order to bring about psychological improvement

Hint 78

PG 40

Front 79

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

Back 79

A treatment in which a brain seizure is triggered when an electric current passes through electrodes attached to the patient's forehead.

Hint 79

PG 40

Front 80

Psychosurgery

Back 80

Brain surgery for mental disorders

Hint 80

PG 40

Front 81

Id

Back 81

According to Freud, the psychological force that produces instinctual needs, drives, and impulses.

Hint 81

PG 43

Front 82

Ego

Back 82

According to Freud, the psychological force that employs reason and operates in accordance with the reality principle

Hint 82

PG 43

Front 83

Ego defense mechanisms

Back 83

According to psychoanalytic theory, strategies developed by the ego to control unacceptable id impulses and to avoid or reduce the anxiety they arouse.

Hint 83

PG 43

Front 84

Superego

Back 84

According to Freud, the psychological force that represents a person's values and ideals

Hint 84

PG 45

Front 85

Fixation

Back 85

According to Freud, a condition in which the id, ego, and superego do not mature properly and are frozen at an early stage of development.

Hint 85

PG 45

Front 86

Self theory

Back 86

The psychodynamic theory that emphasizes the role of the self - our unified personality

Hint 86

PG 45

Front 87

Object relations theory

Back 87

The psychodynamic theory that views the desire for relationships as the key motivating force in human behavior

Hint 87

PG 45

Front 88

Free association

Back 88

A psychodynamic technique in which the patient describes any thought, feeling, or image that comes to mind, even if it seems unimportant.

Hint 88

PG 45

Front 89

Resistance

Back 89

An unconscious refusal to participate fully in therapy

Hint 89

PG 45

Front 90

Transference

Back 90

According to psychodynamic theorists, the redirection toward the psychotherapist of feelings associated with important figures in a patient's life, now or in the past

Hint 90

PG 45

Front 91

Dream

Back 91

A series of ideas and images that form during sleep.

Hint 91

PG 46

Front 92

Catharsis

Back 92

The reliving of past repressed feelings in order to settle internal conflicts and overcome problems.

Hint 92

PG 46

Front 93

Conditioning

Back 93

A simple form of learning

Hint 93

PG 49

Front 94

Classical conditioning

Back 94

A process of learning by temporal association in which two events that repeatedly occur close together in time become fused in a person's mind and produce the same response.

Hint 94

PG 49

Front 95

Modeling

Back 95

A process of learning in which an individual acquires responses by observing and imitating others

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PG 49

Front 96

Operant conditioning

Back 96

A process of learning in which individuals come to behave in certain ways as a result of experiencing consequences of one kind or another whenever they perform the behavior.

Hint 96

PG 49

Front 97

Exposure therapy

Back 97

A behavior-focused intervention in which fearful people are repeatedly exposed to the objects or situations they dread.

Hint 97

PG 51

Front 98

Self actualization

Back 98

The humanistic process by which people fulfill their potential for goodness and growth.

Hint 98

PG 54

Front 99

Client-centered therapy

Back 99

The humanistic therapy developed by Carl Rogers in which clinicians try to help clients by conveying acceptance, accurate empathy, and genuineness.

Hint 99

PG 56

Front 100

Gestalt therapy

Back 100

The humanistic therapy developed by Fritz Perls in which clinicians actively move clients towards self-recognition and self-acceptance by using techniques such as role playing and self-discovery exercises.

Hint 100

PG 56

Front 101

Family systems theory

Back 101

A theory that views the family as a system of interacting parts whose interactions exhibit consistent patterns and unstated rules.

Hint 101

PG 60

Front 102

Group therapy

Back 102

A therapy format in which people with similar problems meet together with a therapist to work on those problems.

Hint 102

PG 63

Front 103

Support group

Back 103

A group made up of people with similar problems who help and support one another without the dirext leadership of a clinician.

Hint 103

Also called self-help group, peer group, or mutual-help group

PG 63

Front 104

Family therapy

Back 104

A treatment in which a therapist meets with all members of a family and helps them change in therapeutic ways.

Hint 104

PG 63

Front 105

Couple therapy

Back 105

A treatment in which the therapist works with two people who share a long-term relationship.

Hint 105

Also called marital therapy

PG 63

Front 106

Community mental health treatment

Back 106

A treatment approach that emphasizes community care, allowing clients to recieve treatment in nearby and relatively familiar settings

Hint 106

PG 65

Front 107

Multicultural perspective

Back 107

The view that each culture in a society has particular values, beliefs, and pressures that help account for the behavior and functioning of its members.

Hint 107

Also called culturally diverse perspective

PG 65

Front 108

Intersectionality

Back 108

A muticultural framework that examines how each individual's memberships across multiple cultural groups and social identities combine to shape their particular experiences, opportunities, outlook, and functioning.

Hint 108

PG 66

Front 109

Culture-sensitive therapies

Back 109

Approaches that are designed to help address the unique issues faced by members of cultural minority groups.

Hint 109

PG 66

Front 110

Gender-sensitive therapies

Back 110

Approaches geared to the pressures of being a female or gender minority in society

Hint 110

PG 66

Front 111

Developmental psychopathology

Back 111

A perspectice that uses a developmental framework to understand how variables and principles from the various models may collectively account for human functioning.

Hint 111

PG 68

Front 112

Equifinality

Back 112

The principle that a number of different developmental routes can lead to the same psychological disorder.

Hint 112

PG 68

Front 113

Multifinality

Back 113

The principle that persons with similar developmental histories may nevertheless have different clinical outcomes or react to comparavle current situations in different ways.

Hint 113

PG 68

Front 114

What are the three leading kinds of biological treatments used today

Back 114

- drug therapy

- brain stimulation

- psychosurgery

Hint 114

PG 40

Front 115

What are the four major psychotropic drug groups used in therapy?

Back 115

- antianxiety drugs / anxiolytics

- antidepressant drugs

- antibipolar drugs / mood stabilizers

- antipsychotic drugs

Hint 115

PG 40

Front 116

What age range is the "oral stage"

Back 116

Up to 18months

Hint 116

Pg 44

Front 117

What years are the "anal stage"

Back 117

18mo - 3yrs

Hint 117

Pg 44

Front 118

What years are the "phallic" stage?

Back 118

3-5years

Hint 118

Pg 44

Front 119

What years are the "latency" stage?

Back 119

5-12years

Hint 119

Pg 44

Front 120

What years are the "genital" stage?

Back 120

12 - adulthood

Hint 120

Pg 44