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20 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
altruism
prosocial behaviors such as helping and sharing in which the individual does not benefit directly from his or her behavior.
attachment
enduring social-emotional relationship between infants and their caregivers.
avoidant attachment
relationship in which infants turn away from their mothers when they are reunited following a brief separation.
basic emotions
emotions experienced by humankind and that consist of 3 elements: a subjective feeling, a psychological change, and an overt behavior.
complex emotions
emotions that have a self-evaluate component.
constricting actions
one partner tries to emerge as the victor by threatening or contradicting the other by exaggerating.
dispositional praise
praise that links a child's altruistic behavior to an underlying altruistic disposition.
empathy
experiencing another person's feelings
enabling actions
actions and remarks tend to support others and sustain an interaction.
ethology
branch of biology concerned with adaptive behaviors that are characteristics of different species.
gender constancy
understanding that maleness and femaleness do not change over situations or personal wishes.
gender identity
sense of oneself as a male or a female.
gender stereotype
beliefs and images about males and females that are not necessarily true.
insecure attachment
infants act as if they do not perceive the mother to be dependable.
internal working model
the infants understanding of how responsive and dependable the mother is; thought to influence close relationships throughout the child's life.
parallel play
when children play alone but are interested in what another child is doing.
resistant attachment
relationship in which, after a brief separation, infants want to be held but are difficult to console.
social referencing
behavior in which infants in an unfamiliar or ambiguous environments look to their mother or father, as if searching for clues to help them interpret the situation.
secure attachment
relationship in which infants trust and depend on their mothers.
simple social play
toddlers engage in similar activities and talk and smile at each other.