Psy 1010 Chap. 5, 6, 7, 8

Front 1

What is Consciousness?

Back 1

- Your awareness of everything that is going on around you and inside your own head at any given moment. (Including your thoughts, sensations, and feelings). Which you use to organize your behavior.

Front 2

What is Waking consciousness?

Back 2

When you feel alert and your thoughts, feelings, and sensations are clear and organized

Front 3

What are Altered states of consciousness?

Back 3

Forms of experience that depart from the normal subjective experience of the world and the mind.

Front 4

What are the 4 levels of consciousness?

Back 4

1. Conscious level: one is aware of events and mental processes

2. Preconcious level: stuff hovering just below consciousness

3. Unconscious level: stuff deeply below conscious; May become or affect consciousness

4. Non-conscious level: stuff that never becomes conscious

Front 5

What are Altered states of consciousness?

Back 5

-experience that depart from normal subjective experience of the world and mind

Front 6

What are the 6 Stages of sleep?

Back 6

Awake: alert(beta waves) or relaxed (alpha waves)

1. Stage 1: drowsy; first true sleep stage (theta waves)

2. Stage 2: asleep (sleep spindles and k-complexes)

3. Stages 3: slow wave sleep (delta and theta waves)

4. Stage 4: slow wave sleep; groggy/ confused ( delta and theta waves; over 50% delta)

REM: rapid eye movement; resembles awake person

Hint 6

2 of the stages are not numbered.

Front 7

What is Insomnia?

Back 7

Can't fall or stay asleep- chronic if for than 2 weeks

Hint 7

A sleep disorder

Front 8

What is Narcolepsy

Back 8

Abrupt switch from waking to REM

Hint 8

A sleep disorder- can't control when fall asleep, dangerous can fall down in the middle of the street etc.

Front 9

What is sleep apnea?

Back 9

Breathing stops briefly during sleep

Hint 9

Sleep disorder; c pap machine

Front 10

What is SIDS

Back 10

Sudden instant death syndrome; sleeping infant stops breathing and dies

Front 11

What is Sleepwalking?

Back 11

Walking during non- REM sleep

Front 12

What is REM behavior disorder

Back 12

Normal REM paralysis absent, allowing the person to thrash around and act out nightmares

Front 13

Night terrors VS Night mares

Back 13

- Night terrors: Abrupt awakening with panic and intense emotional arousal

- Night mares: Frightening REM dreams

Front 14

What is the Wish fulfillment theory (psychoanalitic):

Back 14

Dreams are disguised form of wish fulfillment.

Front 15

What is the Activation- synthesis theory (biological):

Back 15

Dreams are meaningless and random firings that the brain tries to make sense of.

Front 16

What is the Activation- information- mode model (cognitive):

Back 16

Information and standard processes that are used during waking hours can influence your dreams.

Front 17

Hypnosis is:

Back 17

An altered state of consciousness in which a person is especially susceptible to sugestion

Front 18

What is a Psychoactive drug:

Back 18

A chemical substance that alters thinking, perception, memory, or some combination of those abikuties

Front 19

What is a Physical dependence of 💊

Back 19

After using the drug for some period of time, the body becomes unable to function normally without the drug and the person is said to be physically dependent or addicted.

Front 20

What is a Psychological dependence for 💊?

Back 20

The belief that the drug is needed to continue a feeling of emotional or psychological well- being. The body may not need the drug they will continue to use it because they think they need it.

Front 21

What are Depressants?

Back 21

Reduce or depress nervous system activity

Hint 21

Alcohol

Front 22

What are Stimulants?

Back 22

Increase nervous system activity

Hint 22

Adderoll

Front 23

What is Developmental psychology?

Back 23

The study of how thoughts and behavior change and remain stable across the life span.

Front 24

Nature VS. Nurture. Nature

Back 24

Nature: heredity, the influence of inherited characteristics on personality, physical growth, intellectual growth, and social interactions

Front 25

Nature vs Nurture; nurture

Back 25

The influence from the environment

EX: anything that doesn't come within the person

Front 26

When is the germinal stage, and what happens?

Back 26

- 0-2

- zygote forms

Front 27

When is the Embryonic stage, and what happens?

Back 27

- 2-8 wks

- organs and body parts created

Front 28

When is the Fetal stage, and what happens?

Back 28

- 8 wks until birth

- starts to move, body parts are created

Front 29

What are teratogens:

Back 29

Eternal substances that cause birth defects

Front 30

What are the 4 Newborn reflexes:

Back 30

Grasping, stepping, rooting, and sucking

Front 31

What is Prenatal programming?

Back 31

Events in womb can alter later development

Front 32

When is the sensorimotor stage?

Back 32

0-2 years

Front 33

What is object permanence?

Back 33

Peek a boo- think things disappear.

Front 34

When is the Preoperational period?

Back 34

2-5 yrs: use and create symbols- ABCs 123's

Front 35

What is egocentrism?

Back 35

Everyone sees the world as child does.

Front 36

What is animism?

Back 36

Objects are alive. Like toys- toy story

Front 37

When is the concrete operational period?

Back 37

6-11 years

- able to reason and think with logic

Hint 37

It's logical thinking- water and cups

Front 38

When is the Formal operational period?

Back 38

12 and up.

-Think hypothetically, and foresee consiquenses

Front 39

What are the 3 different temperaments of infants?

Back 39

- Easy: happy, predictable

- Difficult: fussy, unpredictable

- Slow to warm up: approach warily, but eventually will

Front 40

What is infant Imprinting?

Back 40

Know parents voices

Front 41

What are the 4 different Attachment styles?

Back 41

- Secure: balance between contact and exploration

- Avoidant: ignore and avoid mom after seperation

- Resistant: greets mom but angrily rejects contact

- Disorganized/ disoriented: infants behavior is inconsistent

Hint 41

"Strange situation"

Front 42

Def. Of memory:

Back 42

The ability to store and use information; what we have learned and remmebered

Front 43

What is Encoding:

Back 43

Mental representations of physical stimuli

Front 44

What is Maintenance rehearsal?

Back 44

Shallow memorizing.

Hint 44

Ex: Saying something over and over.

Front 45

What is Elaborative rehearsal?

Back 45

Deep processing. Putting what you need to remember into personal life.

Front 46

What is the 3 stage model of memory?

Back 46

Classification of memories based on duration as sensory, short term, and long term.

Front 47

What is Sensory memory:

Back 47

Briefly retains info from senses

Hint 47

Stop feeing something itchy after a while. Shower go "cold".

Front 48

What is encoding?

Back 48

Information from 5 senses into sensory registers.

Hint 48

Stuff your brain has to encode

Front 49

What is memory Storage:

Back 49

Large capacity about 2 secs

Iconic memory: brief visual record of image on Retna (less than 1 sec)

Echoic memory: short term retention of sounds(2-4 secs)

Front 50

What is retrieval?

Back 50

If attended, sensory memory's are sent on, other wise they will fade quickly

Hint 50

Selective attention

Front 51

What is short term memory?

Back 51

Temporarily holds info in consciousness

Front 52

What is working memory?

Back 52

Manipulates information in short term memory

Front 53

What is chunking?

Back 53

Organizing information into meaningful groupings

Front 54

What is Serial position effect?

Back 54

Primacy effect first, decency effect- most recent

Hint 54

The word lists. Remembering the 1st and last words

Front 55

What is long term memory?

Back 55

Can retain information for long periods of time

Hint 55

Ex: riding a bike, reading, playing an instrument, driving etc.

Front 56

What are the 2 types of long term memory?

Back 56

-Explicit: intentionally trying to remember

- implicit: unintentional recognition and influence of prior experience

Front 57

Recalling VS. Recognition

Back 57

-Recalling: actually remmering.

- Recognition: looks familiar but don't know details

Front 58

What are retrieval cues?

Back 58

Stimuli that help us remembrance and recognize information

Hint 58

Ex: Smell reminds us of past

Front 59

What is State dependence?

Back 59

Memory can be aided or impeded by a person's internal state

Front 60

What is Context dependence?

Back 60

Memory can be helped or hindered by similaritys or differences between learning and recall environments

Hint 60

Chewing gum while studying will help on test. And studying where your going to take the test... It's false though. *Has not been scientifically proven

Front 61

What is learning?

Back 61

Enduring stages in behavior or understanding that occur with expirience

Front 62

What is non-associative learning?

Back 62

Impact of 1 stimulus

Front 63

What is Orienting reasponse & sensitization?

Back 63

Novel stimuli automatically attracts attention and causes an exagetated response

Hint 63

Start to hear a vacuume or the heater, or fridge.

Front 64

What is Habituation?

Back 64

Adapting attention to constant stimuli

Hint 64

Feeling your clothes. SPD would be lack of habituation

Front 65

What is associative learning?

Back 65

Process by which two peices of information from the environment are repeatedly linked so that we begin to connect them in our minds

Front 66

What is classical conditioning?

Back 66

Learning to elicit an involuntary, reflex-like, response to a stimulus other than the original, natural stimulus that normally produces the response.

Hint 66

Pavlovs dogs

Front 67

Components of classical conditioning: Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)

Back 67

Original input that always elicits the unlearned response

Hint 67

Pavlov: the dogs food- OR: loud noise for little Albert

Front 68

Components of classical conditioning: Unconditioned response (UCR)

Back 68

An automatic and involuntary response

Hint 68

Pavlov: dog saliva when see food OR: crying for little Albert

Front 69

Components of classical conditioning: Conditioned Stimulus (CS):

Back 69

Previously neutral stimulus (NS) that now elicits the conditioned response

Hint 69

Pavlov: the bell used to be NS. OR: the rat for little Albert.

Front 70

Components of classical conditioning: Conditioned Response (CR):

Back 70

Learned response elicited by the conditioned stimulus

Hint 70

Pavlov: when the bell rings the dog saliva, means food is coming OR: rat =crying for little Albert.

Front 71

What is Extinction?

Back 71

Gradual disapearance of the CR

Hint 71

Part of classical conditioning- not getting stung for a long time makes fear of 🐝s leave

Front 72

What is reconditioning?

Back 72

Quick relearning of CR after extinction

Hint 72

Part of classical conditioning- getting stung after a long time reintroduces fear of 🐝

Front 73

What is spontaneous recovery?

Back 73

Reappearance of CR after extinction

Hint 73

Part of classical conditioning

Front 74

What is stimulus generalization?

Back 74

Stimuli similar enough to C'S to elicit CR

Hint 74

Part of classical conditioning

Front 75

What is stimulus discrimination?

Back 75

Stimuli different enough from CS so that it does not elicit CR

Hint 75

Part of classical Conditioning

Front 76

What is law of effect?

Back 76

The consequences of a behavior increase or decrease the likelihood of repeating that behavior

Hint 76

Dealing with behavior

Front 77

What is Operant conditioning?

Back 77

Learning consequences of behavior alters future behavior

Hint 77

Dealing with behavior- FB. People like posts, get on FB more often

Front 78

In behavior, what is a Reinforcer?

Back 78

Stimulus that increases behavior(strengthens response)

Front 79

In behavior, what is a Positive Reinforcement?

Back 79

Good thing added, future response more likely

Front 80

What is the difference between Primary Reinforcers & Secondary Reinforcers?

Back 80

- Primary Reinforcers: unlearned Reinforcers that satisfys biological needs

- Secondary (conditioned) reinforcers: reinforcers learned by assimilation

Hint 80

-Biological needs like water and food.

- conditioned, such as money, grades, approval

Front 81

What is Negative Reinforcement?

Back 81

-Removal of stimulus to increase behavior.

-Bad thing removed, future response more likely

Hint 81

Seatbelt beeper stops when you put in your seatbelt on

Front 82

Positive VS Negative;

punishment & Reinforcement

Back 82

Front 83

In terms of reinforcement what does Continuous mean?

Back 83

Every time a response occures

Front 84

In terms of reinforcement what does Intermittent mean?

Back 84

Reinforcement delivered some of the time

Front 85

What is intermittent reinforcement

Back 85

Front 86

Types of reinforcement: What is a Fixed ratio? (FR)

Back 86

After a fixed number of responses

Hint 86

Fixed = set, Ratio= number

- tell kids good job while cleaning room every 5 mins

Front 87

Types of reinforcement: What is a variable ratio? (VR)

Back 87

After a varying # of responses

Hint 87

Like fishing and gambling.

Front 88

Types of reinforcement: What is Fixed Interval (FI)?

Back 88

Pattern of intermittent reinforcement

Hint 88

Fixed= set, interval= time passed. Ex: Birthdays

Front 89

Types of reinforcement: what is Variable Interval (VI)?

Back 89

1st response after some variable of time

Hint 89

MLM. sometimes you get paid.

Front 90

What is latent learning?

Back 90

Learning that occurs in the absence of reinforcement and is not demonstrated until later, when reinforcement occurs.

Front 91

What is social learning theory?

Back 91

Learning by modeling and observational learning

Front 92

What is modeling?

Back 92

Imitation of behavior performed by others

Hint 92

Bobo doll

Front 93

What is observational learning?

Back 93

When people learn by watching others responses.

Hint 93

Knowing what is socially acceptable

Front 94

What is vicarious learning?

Back 94

Learns the cinsiquenses of an action by watching others

Hint 94

Younger sibling learns from the olders actions and consiquenses