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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the functions of soil?
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-anchor roots
-aeration of roots -supply mineral nutrients -supply moisture -maintain pH suitable for plant growth |
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What are different types of soil?
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-organic
-inorganic |
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What are 9 traits of organic soil?
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-unstable and breaks down over time
-must consist of 20% organic matter -peat, bark, compost, or manure added for improvement -good water holding capacity -good aeration -permeable to water -good fertility -reduces erosion |
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Where does inorganic soil come from?
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-mineral rocks which vary by location
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List clay, sand, and silt in order from largest to smallest
What is a combination of all three known as? |
-sand
-silt -clay +loam |
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What are aggregates and what causes these?
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-soil particles that group into clumps
+greezing and thawing +wetting and drying +root growth +earthworms |
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What forms the "glue" that holds soil particles together?
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-Organic Material
-Clay |
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What are legumes good for in soil structure?
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-Nitrogen fixing
-makes atmospheric Nitrogen available to the plant -Some are deep-rooted perennials -Opens up soil to water and aeration |
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List 7 traits of large particles such as sand
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-large pores
-little structure -good aeration -good infiltration -poor water holding capacity -low fertility -warms quickly in spring |
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List 6 traits of small particles such as clay and silt.
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-small pores
-low aeration -slow infiltration -high water holding capacity -high fertility -warms slowly in spring |
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What are colloids?
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-particles of clay and organic matter suspended in solution which attract and exchange cations
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What is CEC?
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Cation Exchange Capacity=the soil fertilty
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List the CEC from greatest to least of O.M, sand, clay, and silt.
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O.M > Clay > Silt > Sand
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How are nutrients absorbed into plants?
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-as ions
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Are high rainfall soils acidic or basic?
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-acidic
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Are low rainfall soils acidic or basic?
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-basic
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What are some plants that like acidic conditions?
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-ericaceous plants (blueberry, cranberry, azalea, rhododendron)
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What does liming do?
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-raises the pH which makes the soil more basic and is used on acidic soils
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Why should you not lime your lawn after applying fertilizer that cotains ammonium nitrate?
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-ammonium is converted to ammonia gas which can burn foliage
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How can you acidify soil?
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-elemental sulfur (temporary)
-ammonium sulfate (temporary and not recommended) |
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What causes iron chlorosis in plants?
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-basic soils
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Where do you find intervienal chlorosis?
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-often on acid-loving plants like roses, fruit trees, azaleas, and rhododendrons.
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What are the 16 elements required for plant growth?
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C HOPKINS CaFe Mg B Mn Cu Zn Mo Cl
"C. Hopkins Cafe Managed By Min's Cousins Mo and Cleo" |
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Where do plants get C, H, and O from?
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-atmosphere and water
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What are the macronutrients?
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-N, P, K most often deficient in soils
-S, Ca, Mg |
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What are the micronutrients?
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-Fe, B, Mn, Cu, Zn, Mo, Cl
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What are some organic fertilizers?
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-manure
-fishmeal -seaweed -bloodmeal -bonemeal -cottonmeal -sewage sludge *these often contain micronutrients |
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What are some inorganic fertilizers?
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-ammonium nitrate
-superphosphate -muriate of potash *often pure without micronutrients *often concentrated so cheaper to transport and apply |
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What is often the most limiting nutrient in soil?
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-Nitrogen
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How can excess Nitrogen affect plants?
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-reduced flowering
-reduced fruiting -greater vegetative growth |
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What are the fertilizer analysis latters and what do they stand for??
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NPK
Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium |
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When are fertizers considered high or low analysis?
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-high > 30%
-low <=30% |
