Ps2017 - Cga - Lab 2 (Upper Limb) Flash Cards

Front 1

Thoracoacromial artery (pectoral branch)

Back 1

A branch of the axillary artery that is very short and branches almost immediately; pectoral branch bifurcates and runs deep to both the pectoralis major and minor

Front 2

Thoracoacromial artery (deltoid branch)

Back 2

A branch of the axillary artery that is very short and branches almost immediately; this branch runs in the deltopectoral groove between the deltoid muscle and the pectoralis major

Front 3

Lateral thoracic artery

Back 3

A branch of axillary artery, runs along the lateral edge of the pectoralis minor muscle as it descends

Front 4

Brachial artery (source, course, branches)

Back 4

Source: continuation of the axillary artery; transition at lateral edge of teres major muscle

Course: Runs along the anterior compartment of the arm on the medial side of the groove between the biceps brachialis and the brachialis muscles.

Branches: Bifurcates into the radial and ulnar arteries at the cubital fossa (additional information in glossary)

Front 5

Radial artery (source, course)

Back 5

Source: One of the two terminal branches of the brachial artery.

Course: Lateral side of the anterior compartment of the forearm (additional detail in glossary).

Front 6

Ulnar artery (source, course)

Back 6

Source: One of the two terminal branches of the brachial artery.

Course: Medial side of anterior compartment of the forearm (additional detail in glossary).

Front 7

Cephalic vein (source, course)

Back 7

Source: A plexus on the dorsal side of the hand

Course: Ascends along lateral side of forearm and arm to reach the deltopectoral groove. As the cephalic vein appraoches the clavicle it goes deep where it is a tributary to the axillary vein.

Front 8

Basilic vein (source course)

Back 8

Source: A plexus on the dorsal side of the hand

Course: Ascends along medial side of forearm and arm. It goes deep superior to the cubital fossa. Once deep, the basilic vein may be a tributary to either the brachial or axillary vein (same vein, name depends on location).

Front 9

Median cubital vein

Back 9

A connection between the cephalic and basilic veins in the cubital fossa superficial to the bicipital aponeurosis. Convenient location to draw blood.

Front 10

Pectoralis major (attachments, innervation, actions)

Back 10

Proximal Attachments: Clavicular head (medial half of the clavicle); Sternocostal head (Sternum and ribs 1-6);

Distal Attachments: Lateral edge of the bicipital groove

Innervation: Clavicular head - lateral pectoral nerve; Sternocostal head - medial pectoral nerve

Actions: Both heads - adduction and medial rotation at the glenohumeral joint. Clavicular head - Flexion at glenohumeral joint. Sternocostal head - Extension at glenohumeral joint from a flexed position.

Front 11

Pectoralis minor (attachments, innervation, actions)

Back 11

Proximal Attachments: Ribs 3-5

Distal Attachments: Coracoid process of scapula

Innervation: Medial pectoral nerve

Action: Tugs on scapula holding it to rib cage

Front 12

Deltoid muscle (attachments, innervation, actions)

Back 12

Proximal attachments: Lateral 1/3 of clavicle; Acromion and spine of scapula

Distal attachment: Humerus (deltoid tuberosity)

Innervation: Axillary nerve

Actions: Anterior fibers - Flex and medially rotate the arm at the glenohumeral joint; Middle fibers - Abduct arms (only past 15 degrees) at glenohumeral joint; Posterior fibers - Extend and laterally rotate the arm at the glenohumeral joint.

Front 13

Serratus anterior muscle (attachments, innervation, actions)

Back 13

Proximal Attachments: Ribs 1-8

Distal Attachments: Anterior surface of scapula adjacent to medial border.

Innervation: Long thoracic nerve.

Actions: Upward rotation, depression, and protraction of the scapula.

Front 14

Biceps brachii (attachments, innervation, actions)

Back 14

Proximal Attachments: Long head - Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula; Short head - Coracoid process of the scapula. NOTE: Short head is medial to the long head.

Distal Attachments: Radial tuberosity and fascia of the forearm via the bicipital aponeurosis.

Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve

Actions: Flexion at the elbow (when forearm is supinated); supination at the radial joint when forearm is pronated (the biceps brachii is a supinator muscle).

Front 15

Coracobrachialis (attachments, innervation, actions)

Back 15

Proximal Attachment: Coracoid process of the scapula

Distal Attachment: Medial humerus approximately mid-shaft

Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve

Actions: Flexion and adduction at the glenohumeral joint.

Front 16

Brachialis muscle (attachments, innervation, actions)

Back 16

Proximal Attachment: Inferior half of the anterior surface of the humerus.

Distal Attachment: Coronoid process of the ulna

Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve

Actions: Flexion at the elbow joint (irrespective of pronation or supination)

Front 17

Pronator teres muscle (attachments, innervation, actions)

Back 17

Proximal Attachments: Medial epocondyle of the humerus; Coronoid process of the ulna

Distal Attachments: Lateral side of the radius approximately midshaft

Innervation: Median nerve

Actions: Flexion at the elbow joint and pronation (shockingly) at the radioulnar joints.

Front 18

Lateral pectoral nerve (origin, muscles innervated, skin innervated, path)

Back 18

Origin: A branch of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus.

Muscles Innervated: Pectoralis major (clavicular head)

Skin Innervated: None

Path: Passes through deltopectoral triangle entering the deep surface of the clavicular head of the pectoralis major.

Front 19

Medial pectoral nerve (origin, muscles innervated, skin innervated, path)

Back 19

Origin: A branch of the medial cord of the brachial plexus.

Muscles Innervated: Pectoralis major (sternocostal head) & pectoralis minor

Skin Innervated: None

Path: Passes through the pectoralis minor entering the deep surface of the pectoralis major.

Note: There can be a connection between the median and lateral pectoral nerves anterior to the axillary vein and artery.

Front 20

Musculocutaneous nerve (origin, muscles innervated, skin innervated, path)

Back 20

Origin: One of the two terminal branches of the lateral cord.

Muscles Innervated: Coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and brachialis.

Skin Innervated: Lateral forearms (as it becomes the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm)

Path: Passes through the coracobrachialis muscle, then travels in the anterior compartment of the arm between the biceps brachii and the brachialis muscles; after its last muscular branch it becomes the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm.

Front 21

Lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm (origin, muscles innervated, skin innervated, path)

Back 21

Origin: Terminal branch of the musculocutaneous nerve

Muscles innervated: None

Skin Innervated: Lateral side of the forearm

Path: Terminates in the lateral side of the forearm

Front 22

Median nerve (only origin & path is important for this lab; innervates the forearm and hand. See glossary for more details)

Back 22

Origin: A terminal branch of both the lateral and medial cords.

Path: Travels through the medial side of the anterior compartment of the arm with the brachial artery without giving any muscular branches; it travels through the cubital fossa deep to the bicipital aponeurosis entering the forearm.

Front 23

Lateral & anterior cutaneous branches of intercostal nerves (origin, muscles innervated, skin innervated, path)

Back 23

Origin: Ventral rami of thoracic spinal nerves except T12 (which is inferior to rib 12 and is called the subcostal nerve).

Muscles Innervated: Unclear (see glossary); based on the name perhaps "None."

Skin Innervated: Numerous dermatomes of the trunk (need more detail on this)

Path: Neurovascular plane between intercostal muscles