Protists

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ciliate

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single-celled heterotrophic protist with many cilia

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amoebozoans

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lineage of heterotrophic, unwalled protists that live in soils and water; includes amoebas & slime molds

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alternation of generations

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life cycle in which both haploid & diploid multi-celled bodies form; occurs in land plants and some algae

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apicomplexan

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unicellular alveolate protist that lives as a parasite inside animal cells; some cause malaria or toxoplasmosis

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pellicle

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outer layer of plasma membrane and elastic proteins; protects & gives shape to many unwalled, single-celled protists

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contractile vacuoles

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in freshwater protists, an organelle that collects and expels excess water

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algal bloom

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population explosion of photosynthetic cells in an aquatic habitat

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red alga

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photosynthetic protist that is typically multi-celled with chloroplasts containing red accessory pigments (phycobilins)

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euglenoid

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flagellated protozoan with multiple mitochondria; may be heterotrophic or have chloroplasts descended from a green alga

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water mold

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heterotrophic protist that grows as nutrient-absorbing filaments

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hydrogenosome

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organelle that produces ATP and hydrogen gas by an anaerobic pathway; evolved from mitochondria

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colonial organism

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composed of many integrated cells, each capable of living and reproducing on its own

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cellular slime mold

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soil-dwelling protist that feeds as solitary cells but congregates under adverse conditions to form a cohesive unit that develops into a fruiting body

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amoeba

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unicellular unwalled protist that extends pseudopods to move & to capture prey

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multicellular organism

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composed of interdependent cells that vary in their structure and function

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secondary endosymbiosis

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evolution of a chloroplast from a protist that itself contains chloroplasts that arose by primary endosymbiosis; chloroplasts have four membranes

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diatom

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unicellular photosynthetic protist with a brown accessory pigment (fucoxanthin) and a two-part silica shell

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plasmodial slime mold

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soil-dwelling protist that feeds as a multi-nucleated mass; develops into a fruiting body under adverse conditions

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protist

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general term for member of one of the eukaryotic lineages that is not a fungus, animal, or plant

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primary endosymbiosis

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evolution of an organelle from bacteria that entered a host cell and lived inside it

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brown alga

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multicellular marine protist with a brown accessory pigment (fucoxanthin) in its chloroplasts

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bioluminescence

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production of light by an organism

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alveolate

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member of a lineage of protists having small sacs beneath the plasma membrane

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choanoflagellates

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heterotrophic protist thought to be the sister group of animals; collared cells strain food from water

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stramenophiles

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protist lineage that includes the photosynthetic diatoms and brown algae as well as the heterotrophic water molds

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green alga

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common term for one of the single-celled, colonial, or multi-celled photosynthetic protists that has chloroplasts containing chlorophylls a and b; also known as chlorophyte or charophyte alga

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dinoflagellate

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unicellular aquatic protist with cellulose plates and two flagella; may be heterotrophic or photosynthetic

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trypanosome

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parasitic flagellate with a single mitochondrion and membrane-encased flagellum

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flagellated protozoan

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protist belonging to an entirely or mostly heterotrophic lineage with no cell wall and one or more flagella