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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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protists
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- are a paraphyletic group
- = all euks EXCEPT green plants, animals, and fungi - protists are a grouping of convenience, NOT a natural evolutionary grouping - no single synapomorphy (shared derived trait) unites all protists - abundant in aquatic environments |
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phylogenies: monphyletic
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all the descendants of a single common ancestor
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phylogenies: paraphyletic
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SOME, BUT NOT ALL descendants of a single common ancestor
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red tides
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- massive 'blooms' of dinoflagellates
- high concentration of red pigments, ocean can turn red - dinoflagellates produce a toxin to defend against copepod predators - paralytic shellfish poisoning |
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feeding for protists
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- photosynthesis
~ make your own food - ingestive ~ pseudopodia to engulf food ~ ciliary currents to sweep food into gullet - absorptive ~ take food directly through membrane ~ decomposers, parasites |
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movement
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- amoeboid motion
- swimming via flagella - swimming via cilia |
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sex
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- sexual (meiosis) vs. asexual (mitosis) reproduction
- can have both extensive haploid and diploid life cycle phases |
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diplomonadida
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has two nuclei with four flagella
- very deep-branching early eukaryote |
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euglenida
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- freshwater and marine
- roughly 30% do photosynthesis - all feed by ingestion |
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ciliata
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- fresh and salt water, wet soils
- covered with cilia - micro- and macronucleus |
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dinoflagellata
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- marine and freshwater
- 50% photosynthetic - two sets of flagella - cause of red tides - plates made of cellulose |
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diatoms
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- test made of silicon oxides
- photosynthetic - most important producer of carbon compounds in fresh and salt water |
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foraminifera
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- foramen = hole for the holes in the test throu which pseudopodia emerge
- extensive in fossil record - calcium carbonate tests |
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amoeoboza
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- amoeba and slime molds
- originally thought to be very primitive - more recent common ancestor to animals then plants |
