Protest, Crisis And Rebellion Tudor History

Front 1

1536:

Act for the The dissolution of the Lesser Monasteries

Back 1

Henry set about removing the last traces of Catholicism in England by legalising the confiscation of Church lands and monasteries. Met with anger from the people: monasteries provided a service for them.

Front 2

1536:

Court Of Augmentations established

Back 2

Established to help Henry deal with the income gained from the dissolution of the monasteries

Front 3

1536:

Pilgrimage of Grace

Back 3

Popular rising, united across social divides. 30,000 men rebel in response to dissolution of the monasteries, poor harvests and Henrys's 'Evil advisors'. Number of men was a threat but Henry dealt with them ruthlessly and they never aimed to depose him so not a threat.

Front 4

1536:

Anne Boleyn Executed

Back 4

Engineered by conservative faction, shows there is still large Catholic influence at court. Henry being dominated?

Front 5

1537:

Translation of 'The English Bible' authorised

Back 5

Shows Henry leaning toward Protestantism, Catholicism traditionally only uses Latin. Popular as the laity felt they were connecting with God more.

Front 6

1539:

Act of Six Articles

Back 6

Move back in line with Catholic doctrine. Communion in both kinds outlawed, Catholic beliefs on communion installed. Priests no longer allowed to marry. Shows conservative influence.

Front 7

1539:

Act for the dissolution of the greater monasteries

Back 7

Larger monasteries now legally dissolved with all revenue going to Henry

Front 8

1539:

Act for the dissolution of the greater monasteries

Back 8

Larger monasteries now legally dissolved with all revenue going to Henry

Front 9

1540:

Thomas Cromwell executed

Back 9

He was a leading figure in the Break With Rome and a key reformist leader. His execution suggests Catholic influence over Henry

Front 10

1539:

Act for the dissolution of the greater monasteries

Back 10

Larger monasteries now legally dissolved with all revenue going to Henry

Front 11

1540:

Thomas Cromwell executed

Back 11

He was a leading figure in the Break With Rome and a key reformist leader. His execution suggests Catholic influence over Henry

Front 12

1542:

Coinage debased

Back 12

Henry reduced the amount of gold and silver in his currency to save money. This however put off foreign investors from doing business in England.

Front 13

1539:

Act for the dissolution of the greater monasteries

Back 13

Larger monasteries now legally dissolved with all revenue going to Henry

Front 14

1540:

Thomas Cromwell executed

Back 14

He was a leading figure in the Break With Rome and a key reformist leader. His execution suggests Catholic influence over Henry

Front 15

1542:

Coinage debased

Back 15

Henry reduced the amount of gold and silver in his currency to save money. This however put off foreign investors from doing business in England.

Front 16

1543:

'The King's Book' published

Back 16

Reaffirmed what had been decreed in the 'Act of Six Articles' and virtually restored all Catholic elements that had been phased out.

Front 17

1539:

Act for the dissolution of the greater monasteries

Back 17

Larger monasteries now legally dissolved with all revenue going to Henry

Front 18

1540:

Thomas Cromwell executed

Back 18

He was a leading figure in the Break With Rome and a key reformist leader. His execution suggests Catholic influence over Henry

Front 19

1542:

Coinage debased

Back 19

Henry reduced the amount of gold and silver in his currency to save money. This however put off foreign investors from doing business in England.

Front 20

1543:

'The King's Book' published

Back 20

Reaffirmed what had been decreed in the 'Act of Six Articles' and virtually restored all Catholic elements that had been phased out.

Front 21

1542-1544:

Wars with Scotland and France

Back 21

Henry won a decisive victory over the Scots at Solway Moss, 1542. The result was he 'Treaty of Greenwich in 1543 which effectively put Scotland into submission and arranged the marriage between Henry's son Edward and the Scottish Princess Mary. Henry invaded Scotland and France but was unable to gain anything of significance and bankrupted himself.

Front 22

1544:

Third Succession Act passed

Back 22

Reinstated Mary and Elizabeth into potential succession behind Edward and any children he might sire.

Front 23

1545:

Act for the Abolition of Chantries

Back 23

More holy buildings claimed by the Crown. Much of the revenue was used to fund the ongoing war with France. This was a reformist Act.

Front 24

1547:

Henry VIII dies

Back 24

Leaves behind an economically unstable, politically divided and religiously unsettled England. Established a Regency Council to help his son rule. Succession happened smoothly.

Front 25

1547:

Edward VI becomes a minor King

Back 25

Still a young boy, but respected as the son of the great King Henry. Dominated by his Regency council.

Front 26

1547:

Henry VIII dies

Back 26

Leaves behind an economically unstable, politically divided and religiously unsettled England. Established a Regency Council to help his son rule. Succession happened smoothly.

Front 27

1547:

Edward VI becomes a minor King

Back 27

Still a young boy, but respected as the son of the great King Henry. Dominated by his Regency council.

Front 28

1547:

Ascendancy of 'Lord Protector Somerset'

Back 28

Regency Council supposed to consist of equals but Somerset engineers his way to the top. Has direct control over Edward and thus the country.

Front 29

1547:

Act for the Dissolution of Chantries, Guilds and Colleges

Back 29

Continued the work of the 1545 Act of Abolition

Front 30

1549:

Act of Uniformity

Back 30

Outlined the stance of the new Edwardian Church. Massively Protestant. Can be attributed to the Radical beliefs of the Regency Council.

Front 31

1549:

First Book of Common Prayer

Back 31

Decreed that all services must be carried out in English and changed the structure of every day church services. Met with drastic opposition in many places. Most notably the North and South West where reform had yet to get a hold.

Front 32

1549:

Western Rising

Back 32

Response to Edwardian religious reform and new taxes being imposed. Most notable issue was the new Book of Common Prayer. Peak of threat was a siege of Exeter but it was eventually lifted. Rebels sent demands to the king but they were ignored. Never aimed to depose the King and there was no gentry involvement so the rebellion was not a threat.

Front 33

1549:

Western Rising

Back 33

Response to Edwardian religious reform and new taxes being imposed. Most notable issue was the new Book of Common Prayer. Leader was Humphrey Arundell. Peak of threat was a siege of Exeter but it was eventually lifted. Rebels sent demands to the king but they were ignored. Never aimed to depose the King and there was no gentry involvement so the rebellion was not a threat.

Front 34

1549:

Western Rising

Back 34

Response to Edwardian religious reform and new taxes being imposed. Most notable issue was the new Book of Common Prayer. Leader was Humphrey Arundell. Peak of threat was a siege of Exeter but it was eventually lifted. Rebels sent demands to the king but they were ignored. Never aimed to depose the King and there was no gentry involvement so the rebellion was not a threat.

Front 35

1549:

Kett's Rebellion

Back 35

Started in Norfolk as a small rising against local gentry (Specifically Flowerdew). They were angered by enclosure of pasture land. Robert Kett took over and organised a force of 16,000. Rebels refused a Government pardon (Pilgrimage of Grace) and were slaughtered at Dussindale with around 3,000 deaths. No gentry support and didn't want to depose the king so it was not a threat.

Front 36

1550:

Northumberland becomes Lord President of the Regency Council

Back 36

Somerset was outmanoeuvred and his failures led to the arrival of Northumberland as the new leader of the Council.

Front 37

1550:

Northumberland becomes Lord President of the Regency Council

Back 37

Somerset was outmanoeuvred and his failures led to the arrival of Northumberland as the new leader of the Council.

Front 38

1552:

Second Book of Common prayer

Back 38

Moved he Church in an even more Protestant direction. Practical changes made to the way communion was practiced and removed various elements of Catholicism still present.

Front 39

1550:

Northumberland becomes Lord President of the Regency Council

Back 39

Somerset was outmanoeuvred and his failures led to the arrival of Northumberland as the new leader of the Council.

Front 40

1552:

Second Book of Common prayer

Back 40

Moved he Church in an even more Protestant direction. Practical changes made to the way communion was practiced and removed various elements of Catholicism still present.

Front 41

1553:

Devise for Lady Jane Grey to become Queen

Back 41

Edward's rapidly deteriorating health meant it was certain he would father no children. The Regency Council aimed to ensure the country remained Protestant by succeeding Lady Jane Grey in front of Mary, who had a much stronger claim.

Front 42

1553:

Mary's counter coup and ascension

Back 42

Mary storms London and with unanimous support removes Lady Jane Grey from the throne and declared herself Queen of England.

Front 43

1553:

Mary's counter coup and ascension

Back 43

Mary storms London and with unanimous support removes Lady Jane Grey from the throne and declared herself Queen of England.

Front 44

1553:

Northumberland executed

Back 44

Mary orders his execution in response to his devise to stop her getting on the throne

Front 45

1553:

Mass restored

Back 45

Mary makes her intentions very clear by immediately installing a piece of Catholic doctrine.

Front 46

1553:

Mass restored

Back 46

Mary makes her intentions very clear by immediately installing a piece of Catholic doctrine. Clear change from Edwardian religious direction.

Front 47

1554:

Wyatt's Rebellion

Back 47

Aimed to supplant Mary with her half sister Elizabeth. Courtenay disclosed the plan to Gardiner who then informed the Queen, giving her chance to prepare. All other conspirators failed to raise any men. Wyatt got 3,000 men in Kent. 1000 of the Queen's men joined to rebellion. Failed to press home the advantage and was defeated in London. Was a threat: popular and aimed to remove Mary from power.

Front 48

1554:

Lady Jane Grey executed

Back 48

Mary realises that while Jane lives there will always be the possibility of a Protestant uprising.

Front 49

1554:

Lady Jane Grey executed

Back 49

Mary realises that while Jane lives there will always be the possibility of a Protestant uprising.

Front 50

1554:

Mary marries King Phillip of Spain

Back 50

Mary followed her Spanish roots and secured alliance with Europe's biggest power. Met with discontent as many feared England would become Spain's pawn.

Front 51

1554:

Reunion with Rome begins

Back 51

Mary begins the first real steps to bring England back into the Catholic fold. She discards the title of Supreme Head of the Church.

Front 52

1555:

Persecution of Protestants begin

Back 52

Mary's extremism begins to show. Those who can't escape are burnt at the stake. Protestant propagandists such as Foxe create 'Bloody Mary'

Front 53

1556:

Worst harvests of the Century

Back 53

Creates general discontent and anger among the lower classes. Destabilises the country.

Front 54

1556:

Worst harvests of the Century

Back 54

Creates general discontent and anger among the lower classes. Destabilises the country.

Front 55

1556:

Archbishop Cranmer burnt alive for heresy

Back 55

People shocked at Mary's brutality. Cranmer had helped write both Books of Common Prayer. Big loss in reformist leadership.

Front 56

1556:

Worst harvests of the Century

Back 56

Creates general discontent and anger among the lower classes. Destabilises the country.

Front 57

1556:

Archbishop Cranmer burnt alive for heresy

Back 57

People shocked at Mary's brutality. Cranmer had helped write both Books of Common Prayer. Big loss in reformist leadership.

Front 58

1557:

War with France

Back 58

England dragged into a war they should not be involved in at Phillip's request. England achieve a good victory at St. Quentin but very little else.

Front 59

1558:

Loss of Calais

Back 59

Last piece of English territory in France is recaptured. Historical dynastic claim to French throne is all but over. Loss of income from trade but also no longer had to maintain expensive garrison.

Front 60

1558:

Mary dies- succeeded by Elizabeth I

Back 60

Mary's brief reign is over, Elizabeth is a weak monarch whom many consider to be illegitimate as the daughter of Anne Boleyn. Religious direction is unclear at this point.

Front 61

1559:

Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis

Back 61

Peace finally announced between Spain and France, ending the Hapsburg-Valois conflict over Italian territory. This leaves England isolated and without any allies.

Front 62

1559:

Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis

Back 62

Peace finally announced between Spain and France, ending the Hapsburg-Valois conflict over Italian territory. This leaves England isolated and without any allies.

Front 63

1559:

Parliament assembled

Back 63

Mainly concerned with Religious settlement. Marian exiles flooded back into the country in hopes of a more reformist England. Act of Supremacy and Act of Uniformity passed-narrowly. Elizabeth had to imprison some Catholic Bishops to pass her legislation.

Front 64

1559:

Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis

Back 64

Peace finally announced between Spain and France, ending the Hapsburg-Valois conflict over Italian territory. This leaves England isolated and without any allies.

Front 65

1559:

Parliament assembled

Back 65

Mainly concerned with Religious settlement. Marian exiles flooded back into the country in hopes of a more reformist England. Act of Supremacy and Act of Uniformity passed-narrowly. Elizabeth had to imprison some Catholic Bishops to pass her legislation.

Front 66

1559:

Act of Supremacy

Back 66

Elizabeth reverses Mary's merger into the Papal gold. Takes the title of Supreme Governor to ease theological grievances about a woman being at the head of the Church.

Front 67

1559:

Act of Uniformity

Back 67

Began the real shift toward Protestantism. New Prayer book introduced with many similarities to the Edwardian version. Theological ambiguity added on communion which meant both versions were technically correct. This eased tensions about her rule.

Front 68

1559:

Catholic Bishops removed from House of Lords

Back 68

Elizabeth removed opposition to her rule by decreasing Catholic influence in Parliament