Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What were Wolsey's aims in Foreign Policy?
|
- to serve Henry's wishes
- to place England at the heart of European affairs - to achieve glory and prestige at an affordable cost => peacemaking rather than war - become Pope (selfish aims) |
|
|
What were Henry's aims in Foreign Policy?
|
- to achieve glory by military conquest
- to win back land in /conquer France - to secure the Scottish Border - to establish a reliable alliance against France |
|
|
How was FP successful according to Wolsey's aims?
|
- predominantly peaceful
- peace through diplomatic means (Treaty of london 1518) rather than through war => better for finance! - he managed to conduct a flexible FP -> reacted quickly and effectively to ally with whichever country suited England best at the time |
|
|
How was FP a failure according to Wolsey's aims?
|
- failed to satisfy all of Henry's desires for land and glory through war
- forced into the unpopular policy of raising money through taxation => 1525: Amicable Grant nearly provoked serious rebellion - backed the wrong side -> Charles V 's troops sacked Rome in 1527 |
|
|
How was FP successful according to Henry's aims?
|
- did win some territory (two towns), however not much
- Treaty of London was glory by another means and London became the centre of international relations - Field of the Cloth of the Gold (peaceful) |
|
|
How was FP a failure according to Henry's aims?
|
- wasn't able to wage war to the extent he wanted 0> limited by poor resource and unreliable allies
- taxes to fund war were unpopular and Amicable grant nearly provoked serious rebellion - his aims were unrealistic => the results of FP would always have been seen as a failure |
|
|
What was the outcome of the FP aim of glory through war?
|
+ defeat of James IV in 1513
+ captured two French towns by 1514 (however too expensive to protect them) + 1544: invasion of Scotland and army took Boulogne + 1542: war on Scotland and defeat of James V |
|
|
What was the outcome of the FP aim of winning back land in France?
|
+ 1514: two French towns (Therouanne and tournai),
- however given to Maximilian I and sold back + 1544: army took Boulogne |
|
|
What was the outcome of the aim of winning the French crown?
|
- no success
- 1523: attack on Paris failed |
|
|
What was the outcome of the aim of marriage alliances with his sisters?
|
+ after 1513 Margaret was regent of Scotland
- however her regency was overthrown by the Duke of Albany in 1515 - Mary married secretly after Louis XII's death without Henry's consent |
|
|
What was the outcome of the aim of alliances against France?
|
- 1521: treaty of Bruges with Charles V => stopped peace
- often let down by allies! unreliable allies! |
|
|
What was the problem with the unreliability of his allies?
|
- Henry didn't know who to trust
- never been given help Henry lost more of his equipment |
|
|
What was the problem of poor resources?
|
- Henry had a low income, despite being left a good budget by his father
- England had meagre resources - Dorset's troops were unable to advance as they were without supplies - poor repair of ships returned from war - they couldn't be used again -> difficult to go into war without support from other countries |
|
|
How did Wolsey gain power?
|
- he was very intelligent => first degree with 15
- he beacme BURSAR of his college and was ordained as a PRIEST in 1498 - he was noticed by the right! and wo PATRONAGE of important people e.g. Bishop Fox - he became chaplain for the archbishop of Canterbury and Henry VII - 1510: ALMONER in the King's Council - he organised the FRENCH EXPEDITION in 1513 (noticed by Henry VIII) - 1514: bishopric and archbishopric of York - 1515: CHANCELLOR and in charge of LEGAL SYSTEM and CARDINAL after Henry petitioned Pope - 1518: PAPAL LEGATE for life (1524) => two bosses : HENRY + POPE |
|
|
Key reasins why Wolsey gained and maintained power:...
|
- manipulated and used the legal system for his own interests e.g. Sir Amias Paulet
- let arrest and execute e.g. Polydore Virgil and Duke of Buckingham - tried to get rid of people who could have influence on Henry e.g. 1526 Eltham Ordinances and 1516 new law of the Star Chamber -his powers over church were hardly limitable (was free in spiritual affairs to do what he wanted) - he claimed the right to nominate whomever he wished to clerical vacancy - he had Henry's trust - good image e.g. established cardinal college |
|
|
What was the Amicable Grant 1525?
|
a non-parliamentary tax, which means not legally secured
=> created opposition and nearly provoked serious rebellion => cancelled! |
