Programming Langauge Concepts Sebesta Chapter 8

Front 1

_____ ______ provide these two capabilities:
- Select from among alternative control flow paths.
- Repeatedly execute sequences of statements.

Back 1

control statements

Front 2

A ______ ______ is a control statement and the collection of statements
whose execution it controls.

Back 2

control structure

Front 3

A _____ ______ provides a way of choosing between two or more execution paths in a program (two ways).

Back 3

selection statement

They take the form:
if control_expression
then clause
else clause

Front 4

In C89, _____ _____ are used as control expressions.

Back 4

arithmetic expressions

The result of the expressions are compared to zero.

Front 5

_______, ______, and ______ allow either arithmetic or Boolean expressions are used control expressions.

Back 5

Python, C99, and
C++

Front 6

Ada, Java, Ruby, and C#, only _____ ______ can be used as control expressions.

Back 6

Boolean expressions

Front 7

The _____ construct allows the selection of one of any number of statements or statement groups.

Back 7

multiple-selection

Front 8

An ______ ______, or ______, causes a statement or collection of statements to be executed zero, one, or more times.

Back 8

iterative statement, or loop

Front 9

The _____ of a loop is the collection of statements whose execution is controlled by an iterative statement.

Back 9

body

Front 10

The iterative statement and the associated loop body together form an _____ ______.

Back 10

iteration construct

Front 11

A _____ loop tests the condition for loop completion before the loop body is executed

Back 11

pretest

while() loop

Front 12

A _____ loop tests the condition for loop completion after the loop body is executed.

Back 12

posttest

Front 13

A ______ loop has a loop variable in which the count is stored. It also has three loop parameters:
- ______ value of the loop variable
- ______ value of the loop variable
- _____ _____ — the difference between sequential values of the loop variable

Back 13

counter-controlled
Initial
Terminal
Step size

remember for loop

Front 14

Fortran 95 Do Statement

Back 14

Do 10 Count = 1, 10
....
10 Continue

Front 15

In Fortran 95 when is the loop count determined? If the loop control variables are modified, which will it modify the loop count?

Back 15

Loop Count is determined at the start of the loop from the initial value, terminal value and step size. The loop variable can be modified but it will not change the loop iteration count.

Front 16

Format of an Ada loop statement.

Back 16

for variable in [reverse] descrete_range loop
...
end loop;

Front 17

Restrictions on the Ada for statement

Back 17

- The loop variable cannot be assigned a value in the loop body.
- The discrete range is evaluated only once. Variables used to specify the range
can be changed within the loop without affecting the number of iterations.
- It is not legal to branch into the loop body.

Front 18

Perl and Ruby have two pretest logical loops. What are the reserved words used to define them.

Back 18

Perl and Ruby have two pretest logical loops, while and until. The until statement is similar to the while statement, but performs the opposite test on the control expression. Perl also has do/while and do/until posttest loops.

Front 19

What is a unlabeled loop exit in C, C++, Python, Ruby, and C#.

Back 19

break

Front 20

Name two languages having loop exit statements that include a label.

Back 20

Java - break

Perl - last

Front 21

One way to do so is to use an ______, a function that can visit each element of a data structure.

Back 21

iterator

Front 22

Describe the PHP array iterator.

Back 22

- The current function returns the element that is currently being pointed to by the internal pointer.
- The next function moves current to the next element.
- The prev function moves current to the previous element.
- The reset function sets current to the array’s first element.

Front 23

Describe the Java Iterator interface methods.

Back 23

- next returns the next element in the collection.
- hasNext returns true if there is at least one more unvisited element.
- remove removes the current element from the collection.

Front 24

Describe the new for statement introduced in Java 5.

Back 24

called the "foreach"

for (String myElement : myList) { … }

It's likely that the Java language designers did not want to introduce new keywords to the language.

Front 25

Describe the C# foreach statement.

Back 25

String[] strList = {"Bob", "Carol", "Ted", "Beelzebub"};
…
foreach (String name in strList) {
Console.WriteLine("Name: {0}", name);
}

Front 26

An ______ ______ ______, or goto, transfers control to a specified
location in a program.

Back 26

unconditional branch statement