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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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A ______ ______ describes the interface to a subprogram as well as the actions of the subprogram.
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subprogram definition
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A ______ ______ is an explicit request that a subprogram be executed.
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subprogram call
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A subprogram is _____ if it has been called but has not yet returned.
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active
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A ______ ______, the first line of a definition, serves several purposes:
- Indicates (often by a special word) the beginning of a subprogram definition, and may indicate whether the subprogram is a procedure or a function. - Provides a name for the subprogram. - May optionally specify a list of parameters. |
subprogram header
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Function declarations are called _____ in C and C++. Such declarations are
often placed in header files. |
prototypes
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The ______ ______ of a subprogram is the number, order, and types of its formal parameters.
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parameter profile
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The ______ of a subprogram is its parameter profile plus, if it is a function, its
return type. |
protocol
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Parameters in a subprogram header are called ______ ______.
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formal parameters
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A subprogram call specifies the name of the subprogram and a list of _____ ______ to be bound to the subprogram’s formal parameters.
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actual parameters
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In nearly all languages, the correspondence between actual and formal parameters
is done by position: The first actual parameter is bound to the first formal parameter and so forth. Such parameters are called ______ ______. |
positional parameters
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One solution to this problem of long argument lists is to provide _______ _______, in which names of formal parameters are explicitly connected with actual parameters.
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keyword parameters
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Subprograms can define their own variables, called ______ ______.
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local variables
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The idea of nesting subprograms originated with ______ and direct
descendants, including _____, _____, and ______. |
Algol 60
Algol 68, Pascal, and Ada |
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The C-based languages do not support nesting subprograms, but some newer languages do, including _____, ______, and ______.
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JavaScript, Python, and Ruby
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_______ methods are ways in which parameters are transmitted to and/or from called subprograms.
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Parameter-passing
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______ is a combination of pass-by-value and pass-by-result. It is an implementation model for inout-mode parameters in which actual values are
moved. |
Pass-by-value-result
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Pass-by-value-result is sometimes called ______ because the actual parameter is copied to the formal parameter at subprogram entry and then copied back at subprogram termination.
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pass-by-copy
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_____, _____ and ____ modes are for inout-mode parameters.
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Pass-by-value-result, Pass-by-reference, Pass-by-name
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______ is an inout-mode parameter transmission method that does not correspond to a single implementation model.
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Pass-by-name
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C++ allows reference parameters to be declared const. What does this do?
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pass-by-reference but cannot be changed within the function.
Example declaration: void fun(const int& p1, int p2, int& p3) { … } |
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Python and Ruby support ______, in which each actual parameter (a reference to an object) is assigned to the corresponding formal parameter. An actual parameter cannot be changed within a subprogram, but the object to which it refers can modified.
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pass-by-assignment
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______, ______, ______, and ______ allow the programmer to overload operators.
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Ada, C++, Python, and Ruby
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A ______ is a special kind of subprogram. Unlike conventional subprograms,
coroutines behave more like equals. |
coroutine
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Since control is often transferred to a coroutine at a point other than its beginning,
the invocation of a coroutine is called a _____, not a call. |
resume
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______ was the first high-level programming language to support coroutines.
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SIMULA 67
Additionally, Other languages that support coroutines include BLISS, INTERLISP, and Modula-2. |
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A coroutine may execute partially and then transfer control to another coroutine.
When restarted, a coroutine resumes execution just after the statement it used to transfer control elsewhere. This sort of interleaved execution sequence is sometimes called _____. |
quasi-concurrency
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The environment of the statement that calls the passed subprogram.
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shallow binding
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The environment in which the passed subprogram.
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deep binding
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The environment of the call that passed the subprogram as an actual parameter.
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ad hoc binding
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