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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Area Forcast
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- 3X Daily
- 6 Regions Of The US - Valid For 18 Hours Total |
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Fuel Requirements
- Day - Night |
Day:
- 30 Minutes Night: - 45 Minutes |
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Night Lighting Requirements
- FAR - POH |
FAR: FLAPE
- F: Fuses (Extra) - L: Landing Light - A: Anit-Collision Light - P: Position/Nav Lights - E: Extra Source Of Power(Alternator Or Generator) POH: NAIL - N: Nav/Position Lights - A: Anti-Collision Lights - I: Instrument Lights (ALL) - L: Landing Light |
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Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC)
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- 20 Stations In The US
- Direction & Coordination Of IFR Traffic - Issue IFR Clearances - Manage IFR Traffic - Can Also Provide VFR: -> Traffic Advisories -> Course Guidance -> Vectors -> Can Assist Lost Or Disoriented Aircraft ARTCC EX: - Albuquerque Center - Los Angeles Center - Oakland Center - Kansas City Center |
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Special VFR
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- Needed To Enter, Exit Or Operate W/I Controlled Airspace With Active ATC
- When Conditions Are At Or Below IFR Weather Minimums IE: - Ceiling >1000' - Visibility > 3SM Airspace Where SVFR Is Availible: - Alpha, Bravo, Charlie, Delta & Echo - Must Be Requested By The Pilot - Must Operate "Clear Of Clouds" |
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Light Beacons
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Airport: Green-White
Heliport: Green-White-Yellow Military: White-Green-White Seaport: White-Yellow |
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Enroute Flight Advisory Service (EFAS)
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- Frequecy: 122.0
- Provided By Flight Service Station (FSS) IE: Prescott Flight |
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Flight Service Station (FSS)
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- ATC Facility Providing A Variety Of Services
-> WX Briefings -> Enroute Communictions -> VFR Search & Rescue -> Assist Lost Aircraft -> Assist Aircraft In Emergency Situations -> Relay ATC Clearances -> Originate Notams -> Broadcast WX -> Broadcast Airspace Info. -> Receive & Process Flight Plans -> Monitor Nav Aides |
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Mode C (Altitude Encoding) Transponder
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- Needed In Alpha, Bravo & Charlie Airspace
- Needed In Delta Airspace When Under The 30NM Veil Of Bravo Airspace - Needed In Echo Airspace When Flying Over Charlie Airspace (Even Below 10000' MSL) - Needed Whenever Flight Is Above 10000' MSL - Only Excluding Altitudes B/T Zero & 2500' AGL IE: You Are Flying Above 10000' MSL, But You Are >2500' AGL Over A Mountain Peak |
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Mode S Transponder
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- Altitude Encoding
- Assigns A Tail# Or Vin# For Aircraft Identification, Eliminating The NEED To Squak Different Codes During Normal Operation - Can Also Receive In Route Information In The Form Of Text Messages - Further Applications Can Give Traffic Alerts And Show Other Aircraft Onscreen |
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Lost Communication Procedure
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Climb
Communicate Confess Comply Conserve Climb - Higher Altitude Allows Pilot To See More Land Increasing The Chance Of Locating Identifiable Lndmarks - Improves Radio Range Increasing Ability To Utilize VOR, NDB Or DF Steer Communicate - With Any Available Facility - Use Chart Frequencies, Including RCO & VOR - In Dire Situations Use 121.5 The Emergency Frequency Confess - Your Situation To ATC Facility Comply - With Their Suggestions Conserve - Your Fuel By Reducing Power & Speed, Using Values For Max Endurance Or Range |
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Light Gun Signals
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-Air-
Steady Green: - Cleared To Land Flashing Green: - Return For Landing (Followed By A Steady Green) Steady Red: - Give Way To Other Aircraft Flashing Red: - Airport Unsafe (Do Not Land) Alternating Green & Red: - Use Extreme Caution -Ground- Steady Green: - Cleared For Takeoff Flashing Green: - Cleared To Taxi Steady Red: - Stop Flashing Red: - Clear The Active Runway Alternating Green & Red: - Use Extreme Caution White: - Return To Starting Point |
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Night Illusions
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Narrow Runway
- Too High Fat Runway - Too Low |
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Spatial Disorientation
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Note: The Brain Relies Heavily On Peripheral Vision For Body Position & Orientation
- Conflict B/T Central Vision & Peripheral Vision |
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Hypoxia
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- Oxygen Depravation To The Cells
Hypoxic: - Pressure - Most Lethal - Not Enough Pressure In The Atmosphere To Force o2 Into The Cells Hypemic: - Blood Deficiencey - Carbonmonoxide (Most Prevelent Hypemic) - Blood Can Not Effectively Transport o2 To The Cells Stagnant: - Pump Problem - Weak Heart - Clogged Arteries - o2 Can Not Be Effective Pumped To The Cells Histotoxic: - Poison - o2 Maybe Inhaled & Transported To The Cells In Adequete Amounts, But The Can Not Be Effective Used B/C Of The Presence Of Toxins Result: - Impaired Motor Function - Impaired Judgement - Unconsiousness - Death Recognition: - Headache - Euporia - Impaired Vision - Drowsiness - Dizzyness - Tingling In Fingers & Toes - Numbness - Blue Fingernails & Lips Prevention: - Good Health Choices - Supplemental 02 - Reduced Altitude |
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Hyperventalation
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Note:
Carbondioxide Regulates Breathing - An Increase In Breathing Rate & Depth - Excess Release Of Carbondioxide Result: - Unconsiousness Leading Causes: - Stress - Fright - Pain Recovery: - Consiously Slow Breathing Rate - Talk Aloud - Sing - Breathe Into A Paper Bag - Breathe Into Your Shirt |
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5 Hazardous Attitudes
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1. Macho
- "Watch This" - The Need To Impress Or Be Bold 2. Impulsivity - Must Do Something/Anything - Now 3. Invulnerability - It Can't Happen To Me 4. Anit-Authority - The Rules Are Too Strick - The Rules Do Not Apply To Me 5. Resignation - I Can't Make A Difference - Leave Decisions Up To Others - Blame Others |
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ADM
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- Identification & Evaluation Of Risk Elements
Pilot: - Knowledge, Experience & Health Aircraft: - Condition & Equipment Onboard Enviroment: - Weather, Terrain, Communication Availibility, Familiarity Of Area, Etc... Purpose/Operation: - Leisure v. Necessity All These Risk Elements Add Together To Form: - Situation & Awareness Consider Alternatives: - Different Course - Delay - Cancellation - Different Mode Of Transportation (Car) |
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D.E.C.I.D.E.R. Model
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D: Define/Detect
- That A Change Was Made Or - That A Change Needs To Be Made E: Estimate - The Need To Counter/Make A Change C: Choose - A Desired Outcome For Success Of The Flight I: Identify - The Action(s) Needed For Desired Outcome D: Do - The Necessary Action E: Evaluate - The Effect Of The Action R: Re-Evaluate - Progress Toward Desired Outcome |
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NTSB Reporting
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Accident:
- Death - Serious Injury - Substantial Damage Death: - Person Dies Serious Injury: - Hospitalization For <48 Hours W/I 7 Days Of An Accident - Broken Bones (Except: Nose, Fingers & Toes) - Severe Hemmorage - Tissue Damage - Tendon Damage - Muscle Damage - Nerve Damage - Internal Organ Damage - 2nd Or 3rd Degree Burns <5% Of The Body Substantial Damage: Anything That Adversely Effects: - Performance - Flight Characteristics - Structural Strength Incident: - Collision In Flight - Fire In Flight - Required Crew Member Becomes Ill & Can Not Perform Duties - Flight Control Malfunction - Failure Of Structural Component Of A Turbine - Property Damage (Non-Aircraft) <$25,000.00 Immediate Notification (Phone): 1. Accident 2. Incident 3. Aircraft Is Overdue & Believed To Be Involved In An Accident Written Reports: Within 10 Days: - If In An Accident Within 7 Days: - If Overdue Aircraft Is Still Missing Upon Request: - Any Incident That Required Immediate Notification |
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Airspeed
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KIAS:
- Indicated Airspeed - Airspeed Indicated On The Airspeed Indicator CAS: - Calibrated Airspeed - KIAS Corrected For Installation Error TAS: - True Airspeed - CAS Corrected For Temperature & Pressure GS: - Ground Speed - TAS Corrected For Wind Velocity & Direction |
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Altimetry
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Indicated Altitude:
- Altitude Indicated On The Altimeter Calibrated Altitude: - Altitude Corrected For Installation Error True Altitude (MSL): - Actual Altitude Above The Mean Sea Level Absolute Altitude (AGL): - Actual Altitude Above The Ground (AGL - Above Ground Level) Pressure Altitude: - Vertical Distance Above The Standard Datum Plane Note: The Standard Datum Plane Is The Theoretical Plane Where Atmospheric Pressure Is Equal To 29.92 Density Altitude: - Pressure Altitude Combined With Outside Air Temperature - Important Factor For Determining Aircraft Performance - Theoretical Value |
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Pitot - Static System
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3 Instuments That Utilize The Pitot/Static System
1. Airspeed Indicator 2. Altimeter 3. Vertical Speed Indicator Pitot Tube: - Ram Air Type - Runs Only To The ASI - Blocked Pitot Effects Only The The ASI Static Tube: - Runs To All 3 Instuments - Blocked Static Tube Effects All 3 Instuments Blocked Static Tube: - Airspeed Indicator Will Change Only With Increase Or Decrease In Altitude - Altimeter Will Freeze @ The Position When Blockage Occured - VSI Will Settle To Zero Dispite Altitude Changes |
