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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Discuss the atypical presentation of infection in older adults (acute delirium/confusion).
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• Bacterial infections in older adults (especially nursing home or frail elderly) are common and can inhibit participation in therapy (e.g. urinary tract infection, pneumonias). Initial signs of infection in older adults may present as acute confusion and delirium
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General antibiotic ADRs
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- allergic reactions, diarrhea, abdominal cramps
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Recognize signs/symptoms of potentially serious anaphylactic reactions.
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• Immediate allergic reactions such as fast onset of hives or any signs of an anaphylactic reaction (shortness of air, chest tightness, wheezing, or swelling of lips, face, throat, or tongue) should be immediately reported to the prescriber, administration of epi pen, or call 911 as appropriate
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Recognize signs/symptoms of potentially serious Clostridium difficile diarrhea.
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• Antibiotics commonly cause mild diarrhea for a few days, but severe diarrhea could be Clostridium difficile diarrhea, a potentially fatal condition. C. diff. diarrhea usually presents with watery stools 7 or more times per day with abdominal cramping and tenderness that lasts more than 3 days. It may be accompanied with fever, blood or pus in the stool, dehydration, nausea, loss of appetite, or weight loss. If C. diff. diarrhea is suspected, the prescriber should be alerted
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Describe how compliance and non-compliance with administration instructions affect antibiotic blood levels and potential for bacterial resistance.
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when the antibiotic concentration falls below the minimum level needed to kill or inhibit bacterial growth. Only the weaker pathogen strains will be affected, allowing the stronger pathogens to replicate and grow in numbers. This can quickly lead to bacterial resistance. Skipping doses creates a similar problem
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Around the clock dosing
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-to achieve steady-state blood levels of the antibiotic at the site of infection, antibiotics should be dosed at regularly spaced intervals throughout the day. For example, an antibiotic order to be taken three times daily should not be taken at breakfast, lunch, and supper but rather, divided evenly throughout the day every eight hours.
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List the class of antibiotics associated with tendinitis and tendon rupture.
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-Fluoroguinolone Antibiotics
- happens to < .1% |
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Fluoroguinolone antibiotics by there generic drug name
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-ciprofloxacin (Cipro®)
-lomefloxacin (Maxaquin®) -norfloxacin (Noroxin®) -ofloxacin (Floxin®) -sparfloxacin (Zagam®) -gemifloxacin (Factiv®) -moxifloxacin (Avelox®) |
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Discuss FQ-induced tendon damage as to its onset, symptoms, risk factors, and referral.
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• Symptoms of tendon injury are reported after a median of eight days of initiation of treatment, but may appear as early as after a few hours after the first dose to as late as six months after treatment discontinuation • The risk is increased in patients > 60 y/o, kidney, heart, or lung transplant patient, concurrent corticosteroid therapy, dialysis, gout, or rheumatoid arthritis
• At the first sign of tendon pain, swelling or inflammation alert the prescriber and avoid exercise and use of the affected area. Typically the FQ will be stopped and the patient will be changed to a different antibiotic |
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Discuss non-pharmacological treatment of tinea infections.
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• Clean the infected area daily with soap & water; dry the area completely before dressing; pay particular attention to skin folds allow exposure to air as much as possible; do not bandage
• Change socks two to three times daily for tinea pedis • Wear protective footwear in public showers & pool areas |
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Tinea pedis
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(athlete’s foot): treat once or twice daily generally x 4 weeks
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Tinea corporis
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(ring worm of the body): once or twice daily generally x 2 weeks
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Tinea Cruris
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(jock itch): once or twice daily generally x 2 weeks
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Tinea Capitis
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(ring worm of scalp): infection is within in the hair follicle therefore topical creams/ointments will not adequately penetrate. Oral therapy x 6 to 8 weeks is necessary (e.g. oral griseofulvin or itraconazole). Topical may be used as adjuncts (e.g. creams, ointments, solutions, or ketoconazole shampoo)
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Commonly used OTC drugs
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-Butenafine
-Clotrimazole -Miconazole -Nystatin -Terbinafine -Toinaftate |
