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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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May 1981 - MMWR report – ___ (#) gay men with ______ pneumonia
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5 gay men.
Pneumocystis |
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NY report - gay men with _____ _____
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Kaposi's sarcoma
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What does AIDS stand for
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AIDS: Acquired immune-deficiency syndrome
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What two diseases define AIDS
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Pneumocystis and kaposi's sarcoma
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How many cases were interviewed for possible Pneumocystis?
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30
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How did they investigate for this disease outbreak?
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Investigate environmental causes - poppers (sexual enhancement)
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Who founded HTLV?
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Bob Gallo
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HTLV caused which cells to be attacked?
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T cells bitch!
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________ ______ responsible for retrovirus by Pasteur Institute in Paris
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Reverse transcriptase
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This person was responsible for growth in culture and characterizatiOn of virus.
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Gallo
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This person developed test for HIV
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Bob Gallo
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What kinds of treatments were used to fight AIDS, and how successful was each treatment
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Interferon – not very successful
Chemotherapy – somewhat successful |
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Who is James Curran, MD MPH?
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– CDC epidemiologist (now Dean of Rollins School of Public Health)?
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Paul Volberding, MD
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San Francisco Aids Unit in hospital (still associated with this unit)
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Robert Gallo
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was virologist at NIH, now head of NIH.
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Distribution and determinants of diseases. States of health, disability, morbidity, and mortality within the population
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Epidemiology
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What are the three characteristics of the Epi approach?
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1.)Quantification
2.) Special Vocabulary 3.) Interdisciplinary composition |
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Which characteristic of the Epi approach is described below?
-Counting cases of disease -Construction of tables that show variation of disease by time, place, and person |
Quantification
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Which characteristic of epi approach is being described below?
- Endemic -Epidemic -Pandemic |
Special Vocabulary
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Historical Contributors included this people who thought that environmental factors were the wrath of the gods
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Greeks
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Name this person: rational versus supernatural explanation for disease occurence. (460-377 BC)
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Hippocrates
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Name this person: Had the theory of disease transmission by contagion
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Girolamo Francastoro
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Name this person: Used bills of mortality (1620-1674) "columbus of statistics"
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John Graunt
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Name this person: Dietary factors in treating scurvy (1716-1794)
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James Lind
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Name this person: smallpox vaccine (1749- 1823)
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Edward Jenner
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Name this person: Vital statistics (1807 - 1883)
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William Farr
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Name this person: Cholera transmitted via conaminated water; "natural experiment;" spatial/goegraphical epi (1813-1858)
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John Snow
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Acquired immunity results from measles infection (1820-1885)
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Peter Panum
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Mortality statistics to set hygienic standards (1820-1910
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Florence Nightingale
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Name this person: microorganisms as causal agents of disease & vaccination asa prevention measure (1822-1895)
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Louis Pasteur
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Name this person:
Seasons Winds – hot and cold Waters – taste, weight, marshy, saltish Ground – naked, wooded, elevated Rising of the sun Mode in which inhabitants live Pursuits Habits – eat or drink to excess Exercise and labor |
Hippocrates
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. Microorganism must be observed in every case of the disease
2. Must be isolated and grown in pure culture 3. Pure culture must, when inoculated into a susceptible animal, reproduce the disease 4. Microorganism must be observed in, and recovered from, experimentally diseased animal Shows strict relationship between a microorganism and a disease Nobel Prize - 1905 |
Koch's Postulates
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Which Aim of Epidemiology is being described?
-health status of groups Enumerate cases; obtain relative frequencies Discover important trends in occurrence |
Describe
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Which Aim of Epidemiology is being described?
etiology of the disease Causal factors Transmission means |
Explain
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Which Aim of Epidemiology is being described?
-etiology of the disease Causal factors Transmission means |
Predict
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Which Aim of Epidemiology is being described?
-distribution of the disease Prevent new cases Eradicate existing cases Prolong lives of those with the disease |
Control
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Does epidemiology look at disease in population groups or individuals
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Population groups
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_________ description of disease include age groups, geographic trends and time trends
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epidemiological
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_________ description of disease include fever, diarrhea, coughing
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clinical
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What is this an example of?
-Hypertension: Young African-American men > young white men |
Disease frequency can very from one population to another.
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Spanish Flu
1918-1919 50 to 100 million killed worldwide One-third of world’s population (1.5 billion) infected and had clinically observable illness Case-fatality rate – 2.5% Healthy 20-40 yr olds – ½ deaths “Normal” influenza – most in very old and very young This even was the known as the _____ ______ _____ _________ |
The mother of all pandemics
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Factors or events that bring about change in health
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Determinants
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Biological agents can bring about infectious disease, chemical agents can bring about carcinogens, stress and adverse life styles. These are all examples of ________
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determinants
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Cutaneous – 5% to 20% case fatality rate
Inhalational – >>higher case fatality rate |
Bacillus Anthracis
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What is the common name for Bacillus anthracis
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Anthrax
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How many cases of anthrax were identified by CDC and state/local agencies
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21 cases
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Which states were the initial 21 cases of anthrax
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Florida, New york city, new jersey, district of columbia
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Intentional spread of bacteria that caused anthrax
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Case 1
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What is the vector of anthrax?
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Biting fly
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This case was the outbreak of fear
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Case 2
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Which case was the ebola virus and where was it initiated?
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Case 2 and it was in Kikwit Zaire (Congo).
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This disease causes diarrhea and fever, bleeding from every orifice, Death in 4 days
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Ebola virus
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Can ebola spread to others?
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Yes it spreads from person to person even the caregivers got the virus
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This case is known as the outbreak of fear
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Case 2: Ebola spread
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Who took the first photo of Ebola on micrograph
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Dr. F.A murphy
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*Infectious diseases
*Chronic diseases *Disability * Injury *Mental illness * suicide *Mortality These are all _____ outcomes in the health phenomena |
Adverse
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*Enhanced quality of life
*Mental health *active life expectancy These are all _____ outcomes in the health phenomena |
Positive
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Name the application for the disease.
-Heart attacks |
aspirin
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Name application for disease
-toxic shock syndrome |
tampons
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Name the application for disease
-Love canal |
toxic chemicals
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Name the application::
Lyme Disease |
Tick
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Name the application
Cervical Cancer |
HPV
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Name the application
-smoking and lung cancer |
Doll & Peto
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The systematic collection of data about specific disease
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Surveillance
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Wide-spread outbreak
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Epidemic
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Disease habitually present in a particular area
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Endemic
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Worldwide epidemic
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pandemic
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How many physicians, nurses, and other PH experts serve for the Epidemic Intelligence service (US
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65`
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Employees of the Epidemic Intelligence Service are on call _____/day for ____ years
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24. 2
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How many disease outbreaks in the US are there per year?
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3,000
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