Principles Of Addiction Medicine Section 2 Pharmacology

Front 1

Name some drugs in the class of caffeine.

Back 1

Drugs in the same class as caffeine

caffeine = 1, 3, 7 trimethyl xanthine.
Dimethyl xanthines.
Theophylline.
Theobromine

Front 2

What are the pharmacologic preparations of caffeine?

Back 2

Pharmacologic forms of caffeine are.
Caffeine anhydrous grade
caffeine sodium benzoate.
Citrated caffeine

Front 3

Where therapeutic uses of caffeine?

Back 3

Therapeutic use of caffeine.
Mild central nervous system stimulant.
Some analgesia effects.
Treat apnea in the neonates.
Given before electroconvulsive therapy to lengthen seizure duration.
Lipolytic and thermogenic effects, therefore use and weight loss preparation

Front 4

When his caffeine reach its peak level after ingestion. Backspace?

Back 4

Caffeine reaches its peak level in 30-45 minutes after oral ingestion.

Front 5

Caffeine is distributed to what tissues?

Back 5

Caffeine is distributed to all tissues equally

Front 6

How many metabolites of caffeine are known?

Name one

Back 6

Over 25 metabolism caffeine have been identified

me metabolic pathway involve cytochrome P4 150 liver enzymes.
Produces para xanthene theobromine and theophylline

Front 7

What is the half life of caffeine?

Back 7

The half life of caffeine is 4-6 hours but highly variable

Front 8

What drugs and conditions affect caffeine metabolism?

Back 8

Caffeine metabolism can be altered by any drug that involves cytochrome P4 50 liver enzymes

Front 9

What is effects of cigarette smoking and caffeine metabolism?

Back 9

Cigarette smoking increases liver enzyme and therefore decreases caffeines half-life I up to 50%

Front 10

Name some inhibitors of caffeine metabolism

Back 10

Caffeine metabolism can be inhibited by.
High doses of caffeine.
Oral contraceptives.
Cimetidine.
Some quinolone antibiotics.
Fluoxamine.
Mexiletine

Front 11

What is the primary site of action of caffeine?

Back 11

The primary site of action of caffeine is adenosine receptor

Front 12

Where is adenosine found?

How is it formed?

Back 12

Adenosine is an endogenous nucleoside from throughout the brain.

It is formed by the breakdown of adenosine triphosphate

Front 13

How does caffeine react with adenosine?

Back 13

Caffeine is structurally similar to adenosine and is therefore an antagonist.

Therefore, caffeine produces the opposite effect of adenosine

Front 14

How does caffeine affect sleep?

Back 14

Effects of caffeine and sleep are not dopamine dependent.
Caffeine antagonizes sleep promoting effects of adenosine.

Front 15

What are cardiovascular effects of caffeine?

Back 15

Caffeine.
Increases blood pressure
has no effect or decrease his heart rate

Front 16

What is caffeine is effect in the gastrointestinal system?

Back 16

Caffeine stimulates gastric acid secretion.
Caffeine is a colonic stimulant similar to a meal

Front 17

What is caffeines effect on the respiratory system?

Back 17

Caffeine is a respiratory stimulant.

Caffeine is a bronchodilator at high doses

Front 18

What is the renal effects of caffeine

Back 18

Caffeine as a diuretic.
Caffeine increases urine volume by 30% for several hours.
Caffeine increases detrussor pressure, therefore increasing urinary urgency and detrussor instability.

Front 19

Was effects of caffeine on the muscular system?

Back 19

Caffeine is ergogenic, therefore increases performance, especially during prolonged exercise

Front 20

What the adverse effects of caffeine on health?

Back 20

The negative effects of caffeine are.
Increased systolic blood pressure by 5-15 mm.
Increased diastolic pressure by 5-10 mm.
Caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee raises total and LDL cholesterol.
Exacerbates GERD.
Risk factor for urinary incontinence.
Causes calcium excretion in the urine

Front 21

Where the positive effects of caffeine on health?

Back 21

Deposit effects of caffeine on health are.
May reduce risk of Parkinson's disease.
Reduce incidence of chronic liver disease.
Some protective effect against type 2 diabetes

Front 22

What are the subjective effects of caffeine and low to moderate dose?

Back 22

Low to moderate doses of caffeine...
Improved task performance which has been inhibited by fatigue, sleep deprivation, or prolonged vigilance.
Gets feelings of happiness, energy, arousal, sociability

Front 23

What dose of caffeine is more likely to produce negative subjective effects?

Back 23

Greater than sign greater >200 mg of caffeine likely produced negative effects.
Increased anxiety.
Nervousness.
Jitteriness.
Negative mood.
Upset stomach.
Long-term high-dose caffeine can produce psychopathology

Front 24

To what effects will caffeine users develop tolerance?

Back 24

High-dose caffeine users develop tolerance to.
Sleep effects.
Diuresis.
Salivation.
Metabolic rate changes

Front 25

List symptoms of caffeine intoxication.

Back 25

Caffeine intoxication produces.
Restlessness.
Nervousness.
Excitement.
Insomnia.
Flushed face.
Diuresis.
Gastrointestinal disturbances.
Muscle twitching.
Rambling flow of thought speech.
Tachycardia or cardiac arrhythmia.
Periods of inexhaustibility..
Agitation

Front 26

What is the lethal dose of caffeine?

Back 26

The lethal dose of caffeine is 5-10 g

Front 27

Caffeine withdrawal symptoms are...

Back 27

Caffeine withdrawal symptoms are...
Headache.
Tired, fatigue.
Drowsiness.
Sleepiness.
Decreased energy.
Decreased alertness and attentiveness.
Decrease sense of well-being.
Depressed mood.
Difficulty concentrating, not clearheaded.
Flulike symptoms, nausea, vomiting.
Muscle pain and stiffness

Front 28

When will caffeine withdrawal occur?

Back 28

Caffeine withdrawal usually begins 12-24 hours after last caffeine intake.

It takes and 20-51 hours.

Front 29

What is duration of caffeine withdrawal symptoms?

Back 29

Duration caffeine withdrawal symptoms are 2-9 days but can last for 3 weeks

Front 30

How much caffeine is necessary to suppress withdrawal symptoms?

Back 30

25 mg of caffeine will suppress a caffeine withdrawal headache

Front 31

What is a relationship between caffeine and nicotine?

Back 31

Cigarette smokers consume more caffeine than nonsmokers.
Pregnant women with caffeine dependence since are 9 times more likely to smoke cigarettes daily.
Caffeine does not increased nicotine administration

Front 32

Relationship with alcohol and caffeine

Back 32

Heavy alcohol use is associated with heavy use of caffeine