{Princeton Review} Ap Human Geography Chapter 3

Front 1

Space

Back 1

The geometric surface of the earth

Front 2

Place

Back 2

A bounded area of some human importance (does not have to be inhabited)

Front 3

Toponym

Back 3

A place name

Front 4

Sequent occupancy

Back 4

The succession of groups and cultural influences throughout a place's history

Front 5

Map scale

Back 5

The ratio of distance on a map and distance in the real world

Front 6

Relative scale

Back 6

Aka scale of analysis

Level at which things are grouped for examination

Local, city, country, state, regional, national, continental, international, global

Front 7

Formal region

Back 7

Area of bounded space that possesses some homogeneous characteristic or uniformity

U.S. and Australia are in the same linguistic region

Dixie (dialect, food, architecture, climate, ethnicity, religion)

Linguistic, culture, political, environmental

Front 8

Functional regions

Back 8

Aka nodal regions

Areas that have a central place (node) as a focus, and its influence is strongest closest to it and dominishes as you get further away

E.g. professional sports team

Front 9

Vernacular region

Back 9

Based upon the collective perspective of the residents

E.g. Dixie - country music, Southern Baptist church, warm weather, etc.

Front 10

Absolute location

Back 10

A precise point identified by latitude and longitude coordinates

Front 11

Relative location

Back 11

The location of a place compared to a known place or feature

Front 12

Latitude

Back 12

Distance in degrees north or south of the equator

Front 13

Longitude

Back 13

Distance in degrees east or west of the Prime Meridian

Front 14

Absolute distance

Back 14

Distance between two places measured in linear units (miles)

Front 15

Distance decay

Back 15

The further away a place is from a place of origin, the less likely they are to interact with each other

Front 16

Friction of distance

Back 16

When distance inhibits the interaction between two points

Front 17

Tobler's law

Back 17

All places are interrelated, but closer ones are more related than further ones

Front 18

Space-time compression

Back 18

Decreased time and distance between places

E.g. air travel, internet

Front 19

Central place

Back 19

A node of human activity (usually centers of economic exchange)

Front 20

Core and periphery

Back 20

One point is most central to a region (cultural, economic, political, environmental) but the periphery has the characteristics less concentrated

Front 21

Land survey patterns

Back 21

Metes and bounds - natural landscape features divide the land

Township and range - based upon lines of latitude and longitude

Long-lot patterns - narrow frontage along a road or waterway with a very long lot shape behind

Front 22

Arithmetic density

Back 22

Number of things per square unit of distance

Front 23

Agricultural density

Back 23

Number of people per square foot of land actively used for farming

Front 24

Physiologic density

Back 24

Number of people per square unit of arable land (actively farmed or not)

Front 25

Hierarchical diffusion

Back 25

Starts with one, moves down to second order, then on to increasingly local

Front 26

Contagious diffusion

Back 26

Begins at a point of origin, moves outward to nearby locations

Front 27

Stimulus diffusion

Back 27

A general principle diffuses and stimulates the creation of new products or ideas

Front 28

Expansion diffusion

Back 28

The pattern originates in a central place and moves outward in all directions

Front 29

Relocation diffusion

Back 29

The pattern begins at a point of origin then crosses significant physical barriers then relocates on the other side