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36 Cards in this Set
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Isidore of Seville |
Medieval Europe. Author of many books about etymologies. He is interested in the origin of the world and put it into Christian concept. He thinks that monsters look physically different but they are still a part of God's creation. Tells us that there is still some relationship to natural world. |
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Monstrous Races |
Medieval Europe. Part of Isidore's etymologies. Look physically different but are still a part of God's creation, part of nature. People that Europeans believed lived in other parts of the world and potentially dangerous. |
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Spectre of the Brocken |
Germany. It's seeing a shadow in the mountains that reflects off of the clouds. Almost like an angel floating in the sky but is interpreted as demonic since it is in the mountains bc mountains are far away from everything else |
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"Fairies" or "The Good People" |
Pre-Christian Ireland. Large creatures. Morally neutral but want to stay away from them bc they could bring bad luck. Resistant to Christianity. Called "The good people" bc you wanna stay on their good side. Between angels and demons |
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Lindisfarne |
Norse Mythology. It was an Island that had heathen people (no values). When vikings saw it they were shocked it was a holy place and didn't recognize Christianity. "Viking age begins"
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Mound Sitting |
Norse Mythology. Pe-Christian belief that seems to have been a key to the religious practice of Scandinavia. Shamastic practice that believed that sitting on a sacred mound or hill allowed contact with world of animals, spirits and gods. |
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Etymologiae |
Christian Europe. Where things come from. Written by Isidore of Seville. Multiple books. Organized a wealth of knowledge from classical sources and contained whatever Isidore thought was important. Took the overall concept and put it into Christian context. |
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Viking |
Norse Mythology. "We are going viking" connection to bay and pirates. Vikings attack on shores/inlets/bays with long boats. They think of themselves as tribal. |
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Odin, "Father of the Slain" |
Norse Mythology. God. Attains knowledge of future by hanging himself with a rope and gives up one of his eyes. Only one who can see the future |
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Loki |
Norse Mythology. Always causing trouble with gods. Nature is evil and he is undependable. (look at oaks reading) |
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Trolls and bergtagning |
Norse Mythology. Kidnapped women into mountains to be wives and slaves. Prominant monsters, lustful and greedy. Always causing trouble with aesir. Could only move around in darkness. |
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Arab Peoples |
Arabian. Economy based on merchants and agriculture, herders and traders. Not settling down so much. They lived on the boarders of very large empires(byzantine, persian) and delt with what happened with that |
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Ghuls |
Arabian. Spirits that live in desert places and can shape shift into animals. (hyenas) Vampire and devourers of human flesh. Related to creatures going back to bronze age/iron age near east. |
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Bahamut |
Arabian. Sea monster with a head described as that of an elephant or a hippo. It's body supports the world. Supported other creatures on each others backs and was supported by angels which supported the world. |
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Jinn |
Arabian. Creatures of fire. Important in Islam. Terrifying but also morally neutral, might hurt you if you trespass on their domains(caves). Western brought the idea of genies to grant wishes but it turned out bad to be in a wishing contest with jinn |
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Qu'ran |
Arabian. Compiled book by the earliest followers of Muhammad. Means recitation- in other words it is recited by the Prophet who was basically a consult for divine revelation. People became converted to Islam if they heard Qu'ran(lots of power) and proved miracles. |
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Spread of Islam (to 800) |
Arabian. Islam was attractive bc it was simple and straight forward. Arab expansion and let Islam happen and introduced it widelyhS. Spreaded really fast and was received by many. Umma- means community(large made up of different elements) |
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Shaytan |
Arabian. The one who did not bow to Adam as the supreme creation of God. Also known as Iblis which means he despaired. Generally seen as one of the Jinn who, unlike the angels, can exercise free will. Sometimes used as a word to describe all evil Jinn. Iblis is the more proper name but Shaytan describes what he does and who he is. |
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Charlemagne |
Christian Europe. Ruler of Carolingian Dynasty. He was close with the pope which got him the position of Emperor of Rome which showed him divinely picked to resurrect the empire(empire was dead). Then became partner with pope in the rule of Western Europe |
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Boniface (675-754) |
Christian Europe. Missionary of Roman Church that worked close with Carolingian Empire to convert northern europe to christianity. |
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Codex Gigas |
Christian Europe. "Devil's Bible". Contains medieval right of exorcism and picture of devil which is why it is seen as devil's bible. Big book that came from monastery in Southern Germany. Contains several different books inside like the Bible, Isidores, works of history. |
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European With Craze |
Christian Europe. 1400s-1700s. Much of western europe caught up in the belief that a large satanic conspiracy was at war with Christian civilization. Trials and executions of witches spilled over and influenced anti-semitism and fear of Islam. Perhaps as many as 100,000 executions. Witches were everywhere as well as satanic enemies. |
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Reformation |
Christian Europe. Satan was long thought of as the fomenter of heresy(false teaching) throughout the middle ages. Had power to convince believers of false doctrines. Important idea at the time of both sides of the conflict believing they are defending the only Christian truth. -Reason for witch craze bc they thought Donte's angel was stuck in hell and reformation causes the shift from being trapped and not worrying about it to being everywhere, behind Islamic, in the jews bc Christianity is splitting apart. -Important because it leads to human agents(witches) being everywhere with devil influence |
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Heinrich Kramer |
Christian Europe. Before witch trials got intense. Had position in Church to punish false belief and was inquisitor in Germany--go to regions and investigate and punish people who were accused of herocy(false belief). Got in trouble with pope for going too far, he focused primarily on young women's sex lives which he thought lead to witchcraft. Wrote Malleus Maleficarum to defend himself and explain why they should be hunted. |
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Malleus Maleficarum |
Christian Europe. Means "Hammer of the Witches". Guidebook for hunting witches for the next 300 years. Kramer wrote it to defend himself and said witches should be hunted down. Really influenced peoples beliefs about witches. |
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Witches Sabbat and the Satanic Pact |
Christian Europe. Sabbat connection to notion of witchcraft widespread conspiracy- people working together against Christian church. Met on Saturday's in the wilderness for sacroreligious ceremonies to take place. Not individuals, its a lot of them. Satanic is part of fantasy. Satan Pact was idea in order to gain power, witches made pact with Satan(anti baptism). Gave souls to devil and the devil gives them demonic familiar-often in form of animals(snakes, greyhounds) and animal is source of witches power. |
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The witch and "Daughters of Eve" |
Christian Europe. "The Gate of Sin". Portrayed as how sin came into the world. Quote from Malleus Maleficarum- " all wickedness is but little to the wickedness of women. What else is women but a foe to friendship, inescapable punishment, evil, naturally temptation, domestic danger.... feeble in mind and body, not surprising that they should come under the spell of witchcraft." |
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The "German Pamphlets" |
Christian Europe. # of pamphlets printed in the 1400s portraying Dracula as a sadist who murdered tens of thousands of people and circulated stories of his immense cruelty(drank blood of enemies). Based on events of the Spring 1459 when he sought to consolidate his power against the boyars (nobles/landowners) and create a more modern state |
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Bram Stoker |
Christian Europe. Irish theatre major in 1880s. Wrote short stories before he wrote Dracula. Became well known because his story became a play around his death time. In the novel it is shown that Stoker didn't know much about Vlad so he only wrote about evil dracula--nothing to do with historical Vlad, only the pop culture version |
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"Faust Books" |
Christian Europe. Story of scholar who sells soul to Satan for greater knowledge. Satanic pact expanding outside witch trials to expand all over the world. Popular entertainment tale of 1500s |
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Vlad Dracula |
Christian Europe. Ruler of Wallachia. Used as a tribute to Ottomans during their take over to shower loyalty(kinda a prisoner but he lives well). Known for his victory over the Ottoman Empire. name means "Son of the Dragon" from inheriting it from his father. |
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Wallachia |
Christian Europe. Ruled by Vlad Dracula. Was an empire that defeated the Ottoman Empire/Mehmet II. |
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Essay |
In medieval Christian Europe they used the belief about the devil to construct their monsters. The devil had influence everywhere. Started when Western Europe caught up in belief that large satanic conspiracy was at war with Christian civilization. Satan was thought of as formentor of heresy(false teaching). He had power to convince people of false doctrine. Which lead to the Christianity splitting apart-causes Catholics vs. Protestants. Both think devil is everywhere and reformation from Donte's angel being frozen in hell to he is now active on earth which causes the split of Christianity which leads to the witch craze. |
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Essay |
People then used the stories and belief about the devil to start the widespread belief about witches. His influence is everywhere which leads to the use of human agents(witches). Related to theology since they are connected back with Satan. Accusations drawed to older theological beliefs about the nature of the devil. This meaning that women were thought of as "Daughters of Eve" which is how they thought sin was brought into the world. Majority of the witch hunting materials suggested that women gave into the temptation much quicker. 85% of people accused and executed for witchcraft were women which showed that they were already thought of as easy targets before going through trial. A lot of the women would lie and confess to witchcraft even if they weren't involved just so they didn't have to go through the severe torture. A lot of church readers and scholars used stuff to write about witches. Heinrich Kramer, an inquisiter who had a position in the church, wrote Mallues Maleficarum which was a guidebook for hunting witches and why they should be hunted. The name literally means "Hammer of the Witches". The book basically defended himself when he got in trouble for focusing too much on young women and their sex lives which is what he believed lead to witchcraft. A quote from his book talked about how women were a foe to friendship, a evil natural temptation and domestic danger which is why he said it wasn't surprising that they would come to the spell of witchcraft. His book influenced the beliefs about witches big time. The people used this story to influence their own belief about witches which lead to the intensity of the witch trials. |
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Essay |
The Christian Church said that the witches met in secret on Saturdays in particular, in the wilderness. It was a lot of them and not just individuals anymore. The stories say that the witches used this conspiracy that was against them to develop their idea of a satanic fantasy. They would make a Satanic Pact with the devil, like an antibaptism to gain their power. They would give their souls over to the devil in exchange for demonic familiar that often came in the form of an animal like a greyhound dog or a snake. These stories of them were used to draw more individuals into their fantasy. And also making the Satanic Pact widespread so that the notion of witchcraft was all over the world and expanded outside the witch trials. The Pope wrote the Papal Bull against witchcraft talking about the spread of witchcraft among men and women in Germany. He said that they should be afflicted and tortured with pains and anguish, internally and externally. Basically saying that anything that has to do with giving themselves over to the devil should not be allowed to create prolife. This is an important source because it gives us documentation from the church that was used in communication to the people of this time. |
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Essay conclusion |
The witch trials fully defined and reinforced all of Western Europe from the belief of witches all over. The old beliefs conjoined with the new economic and social realities but it all started from the belief in witches and lead to the witch trials. |
