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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gregor Mendel
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The father of genetics
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Trait
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An expressed characteristic
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Gene
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A segment of a chromosome
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Locus
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The position of a gene on a chromosome
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Alleles
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Alternate forms of the same gene
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Dominant
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Stronger
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Recessive
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Weaker
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Homozygous
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When an organism has 2 identical alleles for a given trait
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Heterozygous
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When an organism has 2 different alleles for a given trait
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Phenotype
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Physical appearance of an organism
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Genotype
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Genetic makeup of an organism
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P1 Generation
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Parent generation
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F1 Generation
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Filial generation
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F2 Generation
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Grandchildren generation
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Law of Dominance
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One trait masks the effects of another trait
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Law of Segregation
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Alleles can segregate and recombine
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Law of Independent Assortment
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Traits can segregate and recombine independently of other traits
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Incomplete Dominance
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Traits blend
Eg: Pink flowers |
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Codominance
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Equal expression of both alleles
Eg: AB blood type |
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Polygenetic Inheritance
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Trait results from interaction of many genes
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Multiple Alleles
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Many alleles on one gene locus
Eg: Many blood types |
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Epistasis
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Genes at one locus influence the expression of genes at another locus
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Pleiotropy
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Allele can affect multiple traits
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Linked Genes
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Genes on the same chromosome move as a group during assortment, and are inherited together.
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Autosomes
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22 pairs of chromosomes that code for many different traits
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Sex Chromosomes
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Pair of chromosomes that codes for the sex of the individual
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Sex-Linked Traits
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Traits carried on sex chromosomes
EG: Hemophilia and color blindness |
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Carrier
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A female with one defective X
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Barr Body
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X chromosome that is condensed and visible
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