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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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acetyl CoA
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the entry compound for the citric acid cycle in cellular respiration, formed from a fragment of pyruvate attached to a coenzyme.
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aerobic
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containing oxygen; referring to an organism, environment or cellular process requiring oxygen.
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alcoholic fermentation
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the conversion of pyruvate to carbon dioxide and ethyl alcohol
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anaerobic
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lacking oxygen; referring to an organism, environment or cellular process that lacks oxygen and may be poisoned by it.
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ATP sythase
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A cluster of several membrane proteins found in the mitochondrial crista (and bacterial plasma membrane) that functoin in chemiosmosis with adjacent electron transport chains, using the energy of a hydrogen ion concentration gradient to make ATP. It provides a port though which hydrogen ions diffuse into the matrix of mitchondrion.
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chemiosmosis
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An energy coupling mechanism that uses energy stored in the form of a hydrogen ion gradient across a membrane to drive cellular work.
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cytochromes
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an iron-containing protein, a compontent of electron transport chains in mitochondria and chloroplasts.
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electron transport chain
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a sequence of electron transport molecules that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy to produce ATP.
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glycolysis
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the splitting of glucose into pyruvate
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Krebs cycle
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a chemical cycle involving 8 steps that completes the metabolic breakdown of glucose molecules to carbon dioxide.
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lactic acid fermentation
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the conversion of pyruvate to lactate with no release of carbon dioxide
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NAD+
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a coenzyme present in all cells that helps enzymes transfer electrons during the redox reactions of metabolism
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oxidation
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the loss of electrons from a substance involved in a redox reaction.
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oxidative phosphorylation
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the production of ATP using energy derived from the redox reactions of an electron transport chain
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redox reaction
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a chemical reaction involving the transfer of one or more electrons from one reactant to another
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reduction
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the addition of electrons to a substance in a redox reaction
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substrate level phosphorylation
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the formation of ATP by directly transferring a phosphate group to ADP from an intermediate substrate in catabolism
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