P.r. Terms Ch 3 Cells

Front 1

Cells

Back 1

Life's basic unit of structure and function

Front 2

Light Microscopes/Compound Microscopes

Back 2

Used to study stained or living cells
1000x magnification

Front 3

Electron Microscopes

Back 3

Can only observe killed cells
250,000x magnification

Front 4

Eukaryotic Cells

Back 4

Contain a membrane-bound nucleus and cytoplasm and organelles

Front 5

Prokaryotic Cells

Back 5

Lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Circular DNA

Front 6

What type of cells are protists?

Back 6

Eukaryotic cells

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Plasma Membrane

Back 7

The cell's outer envelope that is made up of phospholipids and proteins

Front 8

Importance of Plasma Membrane

Back 8

Regulates movement of substances into and out of the cell

Front 9

Peripheral Proteins

Back 9

Some proteins that are loosely associated with the (phospho)lipid bilayer

Front 10

Integral Proteins

Back 10

Some proteins that are firmly bound to the plasma membrane

Front 11

Cells

Back 11

Life's basic unit of structure and function

Front 12

Light Microscopes/Compound Microscopes

Back 12

Used to study stained or living cells
1000x magnification

Front 13

Electron Microscopes

Back 13

Can only observe killed cells
250,000x magnification

Front 14

Eukaryotic Cells

Back 14

Contain a membrane-bound nucleus and cytoplasm and organelles

Front 15

Prokaryotic Cells

Back 15

Lacks a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
Circular DNA

Front 16

What type of cells are protists?

Back 16

Eukaryotic cells

Front 17

Plasma Membrane

Back 17

The cell's outer envelope that is made up of phospholipids and proteins

Front 18

Importance of Plasma Membrane

Back 18

Regulates movement of substances into and out of the cell

Front 19

Peripheral Proteins

Back 19

Some proteins that are loosely associated with the (phospho)lipid bilayer

Front 20

Integral Proteins

Back 20

Some proteins that are firmly bound to the plasma membrane

Front 21

Adhesion Protein

Back 21

Membrane proteins that form junctions between adjacent cells

Front 22

Receptor Protein

Back 22

Membrane proteins that serve as docking sites for proteins of the extracellular matrix or hormones

Front 23

Transport Proteins

Back 23

Membrane proteins that form pumps that use ATP to actively transport solutes across the membrane

Front 24

Channel Proteins

Back 24

Membrane proteins that form channels that selectively allow the passage of certain ions or molecules

Front 25

Recognition and Adhesion Proteins

Back 25

Membrane proteins on the extracellular surface the recognize cells and aid in adhesion
Eg: Glycoproteins

Front 26

Carbohydrate Side Chains

Back 26

Are attached to surfaces of some proteins (only on the outer surface of the plasma membrane)

Front 27

Cholesterol

Back 27

Found in the phospholipid bilayer; helps stabilize membrane fluidity in animal cells

Front 28

Chromosomes

Back 28

The large structures that DNA is organized into

Front 29

Nucleolus

Back 29

The structure in which rRNA is made and ribosomes are assembled

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Ribosomes

Back 30

The sites of protein synthesis; manufacture all proteins required or secreted by the cells

Front 31

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 31

A continuous channel that extends into many regions of the cytoplasm

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Rough ER

Back 32

Studded with ribosomes

Front 33

Smooth ER

Back 33

Makes lipids, hormones and steroids and breaks down toxic chemicals

Front 34

Golgi Bodies

Back 34

Modify, process, and sort proteins (packaging and distribution centers)

Front 35

Vesicles

Back 35

The little sacs in which final products are packaged

Front 36

Mitochondria

Back 36

Site of cellular respiration

Front 37

ATP

Back 37

The energy molecule of the cell

Front 38

Lysosomes

Back 38

Carry digestive enzymes; cell's cleanup crew

Front 39

Centrioles

Back 39

Function in cell division

Front 40

MTOCs

Back 40

Microtubule Organizing Centers; the location at which centrioles are found

Front 41

Vacuoles

Back 41

Fluid-filled sacs that store water, food, wastes, salts, or pigments

Front 42

Peroxisomes

Back 42

Organelles that detoxify substances and break down hydrogen peroxide; Commonly found in liver and kidney cells

Front 43

Cytoskeleton

Back 43

A network of fibers that determines the shape of a cell

Front 44

Microtubules

Back 44

Participate in cellular division and movement

Front 45

Tubulin

Back 45

The protein that makes up microtubules

Front 46

Microfilaments

Back 46

Participate in cell motility and muscle contraction

Front 47

Actin

Back 47

The protein that makes up microfilaments

Front 48

3 Structures Made of Microtubules

Back 48

Cilia
Flagella
Centrioles

Front 49

Euglena

Back 49

An example of flagellum

Front 50

Paramecium

Back 50

An example of cilia

Front 51

Cell Wall

Back 51

The protective outer covering of plants

Front 52

4 Types of Organisms Cell Walls are Found In

Back 52

Plants, protists, fungi, and bacteria

Front 53

Chitin

Back 53

The component of cell walls in fungi and the component of an arthropod's exoskeleton

Front 54

Chloroplasts

Back 54

The organelles of photosynthesis

Front 55

Cell Sap

Back 55

What is contained by the vacuole in mature plant cells

Front 56

Comparison Chart of Prokaryotes, Plants and Animals

Back 56

See p.42 Princeton Review

Front 57

Simple Diffusion

Back 57

If there's a high concentration of substance outside a cell and a low concentration inside the cell, the substance will move into the cell (AKA DOWN the concentration gradient)

Front 58

Passive Transport

Back 58

Another name for diffusion

Front 59

Does Diffusion Require Energy?

Back 59

No

Front 60

Osmosis

Back 60

Diffusion that involves the movement of a liquid (such as water)

Front 61

Facilitated Transport

Back 61

the type of transport in which proteins pick up a substance from one side of the membrane and carry it across to the other

Front 62

Active Transport

Back 62

Movement against natural flow
EG: Sodium-potassium pump

Front 63

3 Ways Small Substances Can Cross a Cell Membrane

Back 63

-Simple diffusion
-Facilitated transport
-Active transport

Front 64

Endocytosis

Back 64

When particles are too big to enter a cell, the cell uses a part of the cell membrane to engulf the substance to form a vacuole/vesicle

Front 65

3 Types of Endocytosis

Back 65

-Pinocytosis
-Phagocytosis
-Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Front 66

Pinocytosis

Back 66

The cell ingests liquids

Front 67

Phagocytosis

Back 67

The cell ingests solids

Front 68

Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis

Back 68

Involves cell surface receptors covered in clathrin-coated pits. Particle binds to one of these, it is brought into the cell by the folding in of the cell membrane. Then vesicle forms around it

Front 69

Ligand

Back 69

Particle

Front 70

Bulk Flow

Back 70

The one-way movement of fluids brought about by pressure
Eg: Blood thru vessel or fluids in xylem and phloem

Front 71

Exocytosis

Back 71

The method by which large particles are transported out of the cell by fusing a vesicle with a cell membrane

Front 72

2 Functions of Exocytosis

Back 72

-Eject waste products
-Eject specific secretion products such as hormones

Front 73

Solutes

Back 73

Dissolved substances

Front 74

Dialysis

Back 74

The diffusion of solutes across a selectively permeable membrane
Eg: Cellophane bag

Front 75

Intercellular Junctions

Back 75

Formed when cells come in close contact with each other, these allow them to involve their plasma membranes and other components.

Front 76

3 Types of Intercellular Junctions

Back 76

-Tight
-Gap
-Desmosomes

Front 77

Tight Junctions

Back 77

Close connections between the membranes of animal cells. These seal off body cavities and prevent leaks.

Front 78

Gap Junctions

Back 78

Protein complexes that form channels in membranes and allow communication between the cytoplasm of adjacent animal cells or transfer of small molecules and ions

Front 79

Desmosomes

Back 79

Hold adjacent animal cells tightly to each other; Consist of a pair of discs associated with plasma membranes of adjacent cells plus intercellular protein filaments