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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is an Immunogen:
define what happens when it makes it more like self? |
>6kD Ag that can set off an immune response, looks "different", has variability
=> tries to decrease immunogenicity by making it more like self |
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why do we get autoimmunity after strep infected us?
give 3 examples of autoimmunity? |
Strep will cover itself with basement membrane => immune response to Strep and our BM. After bacteria is gone, our body will have autoimmune response:
o Post-Strep GN o Rheumatic fever o Goodpasture's |
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was is a Hapten?
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<6kD Ag that is too small to set off an immune response (Ex: virus)
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Antigen
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protein (except cardiolipin)
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Super Antigen:
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crosslinks APC-MHCII .... TCR β-chain=> activates T cells
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what is the Carrier Effect?
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Macrophages make hapten recognizable: (Ex: vaccination)
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how does macrophages make hapten recognizable (vaccination) what happens during vaccination?
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Ingest: MP eat hapten
• Phagosome formation • Digest⇨ Present⇨MHC-II presentation (on β-chain variable region=> displace the invariant region)⇨V-beta region • Invariant chain is displaced • Release IL-1 => Fever (⇧BMR to make stuff move faster)⇨Non-specific signs of illness⇨Recruit TH to amplify the immune response=> secrete other IL's⇨Thus, MP commit suicide by binding the hapten, then get killed. |
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Acute Phase Reactant
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proteins made during an inflammatory response
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what is fever? how does this affect the immune system? what does this lead to?
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1° degree will ⇧HR by 10bpm⇨ immune cells will come faster; IgA secretion. Thus, ⇩HR⇨ Heart Block
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Heart Block Bugs
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'LSD Loves Company"
• Legionella: pneumonia • Salmonella: typhoid fever • Diphtheria: Corynebacterium diphtheriae • Lyme disease: Borrelia borgdorfori • Chaga's: Trypanosoma cruzi. |
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Limit Infection
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(except Shigella, who can cause infxn with only 10 bugs)
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Detergent:
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impairs adhesion of pathogen
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Disinfectant/ Antiseptic
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inactivates toxins by dissolving their anchoring membrane
• Ex: phenol, Iodine |
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name two bacteria form spores:
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Bacillus and Clostridium "Be Careful of the spores"
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Sterilization
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kill spores (121 °C/vaporized)
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why does autoclaving has a expiration date.
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release new toxin- bacteria are packin' now ...
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Spore
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inactive bacteria can't replicate, can release toxin
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by finding out which two arms of the immune system is used, what 3 things it can tell you?
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>>humoral or cell mediated predict what types of cells will be found there
>>what type of culture you should order >>whether an antibiotic is going to help or not. |
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Humoral or Cell Mediated:
Patrols: |
Humoral: Blood⇨ do culture
Cell Mediated: Tissue⇨ do biopsy |
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which arm of the immune system is affected by poor nutrition?
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cell mediated
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humoral vs. cell mediated
police men: |
humoral: B cells, PMNs, TH2
Cell Mediated: Tcells, Macrophages |
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Humoral and cell mediated: The Bad Guys:
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humoral: Bacteria
Cell Mediated: "Very Foolish to Meet the Parents Post-Nuptially'' Virus (CMV, EBV = most common) Fungus Mycobacterium Protozoa- kills you Parasite Neoplasm |
