Power Of Logic 5Th Edition, Ch. 4, 4.1

Front 1

A ____ ____ is an error in reasoning that involves the explicit use of an invalid form

Back 1

FORMAL FALLACY

Front 2

_____ _____ is an error in reasoning that does not involve the explicit use of an invalid form

Back 2

INFORMAL FALLACY

Front 3

The _____ ____ ___ ____ involves attacking the person who advances an argument as opposed to providing a rational critique of the argument itself

Back 3

ARGUMENT AGAINST THE PERSON

Front 4

____ __ ____ involves an attempt to discredit an argument or view by launching a direct personal attack

Back 4

ABUSIVE AD HOMINEM

Front 5

____ __ ____ involves an attempt to discredit an argument or view by calling attention to the circumstances or situation

Back 5

CIRCUMSTANTIAL AD HOMINEM

Front 6

____ ____ involves an attempt to discredit an argument or view by suggesting that one's opponent is hypocritical

Back 6

TU QUOQUE

Front 7

____ __ ____ occurs when a conclusion is defended by a threat to the well-being of those who do not accept it

Back 7

APPEAL TO FORCE

Front 8

____ ____ ____ occurs when the arguer attacks a misrepresentation of the opponent's view

Back 8

STRAW MAN FALLACY

Front 9

____ ___ ____ is an attempt to persuade a person or group by appealing to the desire to be accepted or valued

Back 9

APPEAL TO THE PEOPLE

Front 10

____ __ ____ is the attempt to support a conclusion merely by evoking pity in one's audience

Back 10

APPEAL TO PITY

Front 11

____ __ ____ involves one of the following: either a claim that a statement is true simply because it hasn't been proven false or the claim that a statement is false because it hasn't been proven true

Back 11

APPEAL TO IGNORANCE

Front 12

____ __ ____ occurs when the premises of an argument are logically unrelated to the conclusion

Back 12

RED HERRING FALLACY

Front 13

The fallacy of _____ __ ____ occurs when an argument assumes the point to be proved

Back 13

BEGGING THE QUESTION

Front 14

The fallacy of ____ ____ occurs when one uses a premise that unjustifiably reduces the number of alternatives to be considered

Back 14

FALSE DILEMMA

Front 15

The ____ __ _____ _____ is an appeal to an authority when the reliability of the authority may be reasonable

Back 15

APPEAL TO AN UNRELIABLE AUTHORITY

Front 16

The ____ ____ ____ occurs when one possible cause of a phenomenon is assumed to be a cause although reasons are lacking for excluding other possible causes

Back 16

FALSE CAUSE FALLACY

Front 17

The ____ ____ ____ involves asking a question that illegitimately presupposes some conclusion alluded to in the question

Back 17

COMPLEX QUESTION FALLACY

Front 18

The ___ __ ____ occurs when multiple meanings of a word are used in a context where validity requires a single meaning of that word

Back 18

FALLACY OF EQUIVOCATION

Front 19

The ____ ___ ____ occurs when multiple meanings of a sentence are used in a context were validity requires a single meaning and the multiple meanings are due to sentence structure

Back 19

FALLACY OF AMPHIBOLY

Front 20

The ____ __ ____ involves either an invalid inference from the nature of the parts to the nature of the whole or an invalid inference from attributes of members of a group to attributes of the group itself.

Back 20

FALLACY OF COMPOSITION

Front 21

The ____ __ ____ involves either an invalid inference from the nature of the whole to the nature of the parts or an invalid inference from the nature of a group to the nature of its members.

Back 21

FALLACY OF DIVISION