Pos 4

Front 1

The reasons for the low voter turnout rates in the United States include:
a) ________ laws,
b) _____________ requirements,
c) ___________ of elections.

Back 1

ELECTION
REGISTRATION
SCHEDULING

Front 2

. How were blacks disenfranchised in the South after the Civil War?
a) by _____________ and electoral trickery, including
b) _______-only primaries,
c) rigged _________ tests, and
d) _____ taxes

Back 2

INTIMIDATION
WHITES LITERACY
POLL

Front 3

Why do older adults vote in higher numbers than young voters?
a) Older voters are more likely to live in the same __________ from one election to the next and thus do not have to ___________,
b) Older voters are more likely to own their homes and to have _________, which heightens their sense of having a ______ in election outcomes.

Back 3

RESIDENCE
REREGISTER
CHILDREN
STAKE

Front 4

What is meant by the law of imperfect political mobilization?

Back 4

b) Every individual is torn by a diversity of his own interests,

Front 5

What is the proparty aspect of the Constitution?

Back 5

b) the right to agitate and to organize found in the 1st Amendment

Front 6

a) there are many interests, including a great body of ________interests,
b) that the government pursues a multiplicity of policies and _________ and __________ interests in the process,
c) that each ___________ is capable of having many interests,
d) that interests cannot be mobilized ___________, and
e) that conflicts among interests are not cumulative, it seems reasonable to suppose that the government is not the ________ of blind forces from which there is no escape.

Back 6

common
creates
destroys
individual
perfectly
captive

Front 7

Democratic policy-makers have pursued tax policies that favor working-class and lower-middle-class Americans unlike Republicans whose tax policies favor the rich and business firms

Back 7

t

Front 8

The inflation rate has not topped 5 percent in any year during the past two decades

Back 8

t

Front 9

According to Patterson, the Fed's power can easily be exaggerated for the economy is impacted by a multiplicity of influences

Back 9

t

Front 10

. The restraints on the Fed are much stronger than those on popularly elected officials

Back 10

f

Front 11

When the federal government spends more in a year than it receives in tax and other revenues

Back 11

b budget deficit

Front 12

Which residents of the following state are the biggest winners nationwide since they pay a lot less in federal taxes than they receive in benefits ($2.03 for every dollar they pay in federal taxes):

Back 12

d new mexico

Front 13

A tax that individuals pay on capital-investments, such as property and stocks

Back 13

b/ capital gains

Front 14

. How high did interest rates rise on business and home loans in the late 1970s due to inflation?

Back 14

c/ 15%

Front 15

. According to U. S. Census Bureau calculations, the EITC lifts about a third of low-income Americans above the poverty line

Back 15

T

Front 16

. In 2010, about how many people live in poverty in the United States?

Back 16

d 40 million

Front 17

How much more likely is a single-parent, female-headed family to fall below the poverty line compared to a two-income family?

Back 17

d) 5 times more likely.

Front 18

Which states have the highest poverty rates in the United States above 18 percent?

Back 18

, b) Louisiana, Mississippi, and New Mexico

Front 19

. Which states have the lowest poverty rates in the United States with less than 8 percent?

Back 19

d) New Hampshire and Utah

Front 20

. Charles Murray in "Losing Ground," argued that members of the underclass

Back 20

c) are permanent and prefer to live on welfare

Front 21

. How many Americans have lost their jobs because of the recent economic downturn, doubling the unemployment rate since 2007?

Back 21

a 7

Front 22

At one point during the Great Depression, what percent of the nation's work force were unemployed?

Back 22

c 25

Front 23

The idea that government intervention is necessary in order to enhance personal liberty and security when individuals are buffeted by economic and social forces beyond their control

Back 23

a positive Gov

Front 24

Lyndon Johnson's programs that included federal initiatives in health care, education, public housing, nutrition, and other areas came to be called

Back 24

c the great society

Front 25

Government benefits given directly to individual recipients, such as the monthly social security checks that retirees receive

Back 25

c/ transfer payments

Front 26

Which of the following receive much broader public support?

Back 26

c.social insurence programs

Front 27

How much do social security and Medicare cost the federal government annually?

Back 27

c. over 1 billion

Front 28

On average how much do social security recipients receive each month?

Back 28

b 1000

Front 29

A ‘means test” refers to

Back 29

c) a program that is restricted to financially poor beneficiaries

Front 30

. Why are there significant differences in the level of poverty that exists from state to state?
a) States differ considerably in their natural ______,
b) level and type of _________ activity,
c) level of _________,
d) number of newer ___________, and
e) percentage of _________-group members.

Back 30

wealth
economic
education
immigrants
minority

Front 31

. The 1996 Welfare Reform Act titled Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), stipulated that:
a) Americans’ eligibility for federal cash assistance is limited to no more than ______ years in their lifetime.
b) Within ____ years, the head of most families on welfare must find work or risk the loss of benefits.
c) Unmarried ________ mothers qualify for welfare benefits only if they remain in _______ and live with a parent or legal guardian.
d) Single ________ lose a portion of their benefits if they refuse to cooperate in identifying for child support purposes the _______ of their children.

Back 31

5
2
teenage
school
mothers
fathers

Front 32

. Americans are more likely than citizens of other democracies to contribute time and money to political and community organizations

Back 32

False

Front 33

The effort to introduce voter identification cards in Georgia and Indiana was to stamp out widespread fraud and abuse in the election process.

Back 33

f

Front 34

According to Patterson, the frequency of U.S. elections increases turnout by assuring that American democracy is better represented

Back 34

f

Front 35

What percent of the 200 million eligible voters in the United States turned out for the 2010 mid-term elections for Congress

Back 35

a 40

Front 36

Women did not secure the right to vote until 1920 with the ratification of the following amendment

Back 36

d 21

Front 37

What has been the average percentage voter turnout rate for presidential elections since the 1960s

Back 37

c 62

Front 38

. The fact that the United States does not have a major labor or socialist party has

Back 38

, b) resulted in increasing the gap in voter turnout levels of lower and upper income persons is substantial

Front 39

Scholars estimate that turnout in the U.S. would be roughly how many percentage points higher if it had European-style registration?

Back 39

b) 10 percent

Front 40

What is the proparty aspect of the Constitution?

Back 40

, b) the right to agitate and to organize found in the 1st Amendment

Front 41

Schattschneider argues that

Back 41

c) in the democratic process, the nation moves from controversy to agreement, to forgetfulness,

Front 42

What is meant by the law of imperfect political mobilization?

Back 42

b) Every individual is torn by a diversity of his own interests

Front 43

Most union members today work in the private sector, despite the fact that it has only a fifth of the number of workers as does the public sector

Back 43

F

Front 44

Although it might be thought that the interests of groups with large memberships would typically prevail over the interests of smaller groups, the reverse is more often true

Back 44

T

Front 45

The health insurance providers reacted to President Obama’s initiative for reform by:

Back 45

a) embracing bi-partisanship and agreeing that dramatic changes needed to be implemented

Front 46

Groups organized around nearly every conceivable policy issue, with each group pressing its demands and influence to the utmost, at whatever cost to the broader society:

Back 46

a) single-issue

Front 47

The following can be defined as any organization that actively seeks to influence public policy:

Back 47

a) interest group

Front 48

How many businesses does the U.S. Chamber of Commerce represent?

Back 48

B 3 MILLION

Front 49

What percent of public-sector employees are unionized?

Back 49

D 40%

Front 50

People who join not for material gain, but to promote a cause in which they believe

Back 50

d) purposive incentives

Front 51

. The most powerful lobbying organization in Washington, D.C., that defends social security, Medicare, and other programs affecting retirees

Back 51

, b) AARP

Front 52

Since man is fallible, argues Madison, whenever he can exercise liberty, there will always be the public means to shape opinions into a unified faction

Back 52

F

Front 53

. Moral and religious motives can be relied upon to contain the sinister views of people, argues Madison

Back 53

F

Front 54

In order to get what it is they want from members of Congress, lobbyists will misrepresent facts, distort the truth, and arm twist, if necessary

Back 54

F

Front 55

Unlike iron triangles, where one's position is everything, an issue network is built around specialized interests and information

Back 55

F

Front 56

Whereas an iron triangle has an incentive for the participants to work together over the long term, the issue network disbands once the concern has been resolved.

Back 56

t

Front 57

There are no legal limits to the number of candidates that a Political Action Committee (PAC) can support during an election

Back 57

F

Front 58

According to Patterson, although the American system was designed to prevent a majority faction from trampling on the interests of smaller groups; ironically it also makes it relatively easy for minority factions to gain government support.

Back 58

T

Front 59

About how many lobbyists are currently in Washington, D.C., according to official records?

Back 59

B/ 20

Front 60

The following is based on group efforts to develop and maintain close contacts with policymakers through direct access to officials in order to influence their decisions

Back 60

C] INSIDE LOBYING

Front 61

Many lobbyists worked previously in government, and some top officials were once lobbyists.

Back 61

a) revolving door

Front 62

The amount of money spent on lobbying in 2009 was:

Back 62

D. 3.5

Front 63

This group spends over $140 million annually to try and influence government policy:

Back 63

a) U.S. Chamber of Commerce

Front 64

Bringing together constituency pressure to bear on policymakers is referred to as:

Back 64

C) OUTSIDE LOBYING

Front 65

What is the major reason why the United States has lagged behind other western societies in its handgun control laws

Back 65

c) the National Rifle Association

Front 66

What is the maximum amount of money that a Political Action Committee can legally give to a candidate running for federal office per election cycle (which encompasses both the primary and general election)

Back 66

C 10000

Front 67

. Today, PACs account for about how much of the total contributions to congressional campaigns?

Back 67

d) 33%

Front 68

What limitation does Citizens United place on corporations and labor unions when it comes to federal campaigns?

Back 68

b) They cannot directly coordinate their support and activities with the candidates and parties,

Front 69

According to Theordore Lowi, what is a problem with the pluralist theory of government?

Back 69

c) there is no concept of the public interest in a system that gives special interests the ability to determine the policies affecting them,

Front 70

The tendency of officials to support the policy demands of the interest group or groups that have a special stake in a policy

Back 70

c) interest-group liberalism

Front 71

Sabato believes that PACs may be making a positive contribution by providing the means to increase the flow of information during elections.

Back 71

True

Front 72

. PACs grew in number from 113 in 1972 to the following number by 1988

Back 72

d) 4169

Front 73

Which of the following PACs raise more money by direct mail and tend to be accountable to no one?

Back 73

c idieology pacs

Front 74

The most fundamental institutional check on PACs, according to Sabato are

Back 74

c) free, regular elections

Front 75

The United States relies more heavily on free-market mechanisms to make its production decisions, but not distribution, and consumption ones

Back 75

F

Front 76

. The result of overregulation is higher-priced goods that are more expensive for consumers and less competitive in the domestic and global markets

Back 76

T

Front 77

An example of the failure of excess government regulation was the rule eliminating lead in paint and gasoline

Back 77

F

Front 78

The federal government sells permits to mining firms, timber companies, and ranchers that give the latter the right to take or exploit resources.

Back 78

F

Front 79

At the height of the Great Depression of the 1930s, what was the level of unemployment?

Back 79

C 25%

Front 80

Adam Smith argued that the desire for profit guides the economic system toward the greatest welfare for all

Back 80

D THE INVISIBLE HAND

Front 81

The following refers to the relationship of inputs (the labor and material that go into making a product or service) to outputs (the product or service itself):

Back 81

C PER CAPITAL

Front 82

. Where is the optimal place to achieve efficiency for classical economists?

Back 82

A. FREE MARKET

Front 83

What is flawed about the assumption that the market always determines the price?

Back 83

b) If a producer can acquire a monopoly or can successfully conspire with other producers to fix the price of the product, then efficiency is lost

Front 84

The federal government tolerates business concentration, even permitting the merger of competing firms because:

Back 84

c) government officials realize that market competition is no longer limited to domestic competition,

Front 85

23. The nation’s parks and forests are subject to the following policy

Back 85

C. DUAL USE

Front 86

. The government's approach to labor developed by the courts in the early 19th century

Back 86

b) Union activity was regarded as interference with the natural supply of labor and the free setting of wages

Front 87

. Government programs today provide billions of dollars of assistance annually to farmers, small and large, accounting for about what amount of net agricultural income?

Back 87

a) more than a fourth

Front 88

Campaign participation is higher in the United States than in Europe

Back 88

T

Front 89

Most of the European governments are federal in form, which means that there are fewer elective offices and thus fewer campaigns

Back 89

F

Front 90

. When the Bush administration was preparing for war against Iraq in 2003, there were only a sprinkling of protest demonstrations with just a couple of people

Back 90

T

Front 91

Protest activity is more common today in the United States than in many Western democracies.

Back 91

F

Front 92

Americans recognize that protest is part of America’s tradition of free expression, something to be tolerated, if not widely admired

Back 92

T

Front 93

. Why are Americans more likely than Europeans to work in a campaign?

Back 93

b) Because Americans have more opportunities to do so

Front 94

The following organization has over two million online activists who helped Barack Obama defeat Hillary Clinton for the 2008 Democratic presidential nomination

Back 94

C MOVEON

Front 95

What is the chief obstacle to political participation?

Back 95

b) the lack of motivation to join in,

Front 96

The sum of the face-to-face civic interactions among citizens in a society

Back 96

D SOCIAL CAPITAL

Front 97

Which state has the highest volunteer rate involved in community service work of one type or another?

Back 97

D UTAH