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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define demography. |
The study of population numbers, distribution, trends, and issues. |
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Explain the usefulness of demographics to government, city planners, business and others. |
It helps us understand the causes and consequences of population change. This helps the government plan things like numbers of schools and hospitals needed. Businesses are interested in information about family size, incomes and consumer habits as they plan their marketing strategies. |
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How did the government gather information about its population? |
The most complete way to gather information about population is confit a population census.
The process of collecting, compiling, and publishing demographic, economic, and social data about all people living in a particular area. |
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What problems exist in relation to such efforts? |
Census takers may not be able to reach remote areas. Some people may also avoid census takers out of fear of authorities, the wish to avoid taxation, or conflicts with governments over population policies. |
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What probable are associated with comparing information gathered from one country with the information gathered from another country? |
Making comparisons such as literacy or size of urban locations can be difficult because definitions may differ. Published numbers of people in fast growing cities can often vary widely. |
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Define what distinguishes a developed country from developing countries. |
A developed country such as Canada had resources to keep its data current, but there are still some difficulties. For example not all homeless people are counted. Developing countries census data are usually less accurate because the registration of births and deaths is not as complete as in developed countries. |
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Define birth rate and death rate. |
Birth rate- the number of births per 1000 people in a country in a given year
Death rate- the number of deaths of 1000 people in a country in a given year. |
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What are the 4 components of population change? |
How many people are born, how many die, how many move into a region, and how many move out of a region.
Birth rate, death rate, immigration rate, emigration rate. |
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Explain the characteristics of each stage of a demographic transition model. |
Assuming that in any country high birth rates and high death rates (stage 1) will gradually fall (stage 2 and 3) as a result economic and social development. |
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Explain the terms industrialization and urbanization. Explain why the demographic transition model may not be relevant to some countries. |
Industrialization- the overall change in a society from a farm production and craftsmanship to mechanized and manufacturing production.
Urbanization- the move of people from farms to cities where jobs are available.
It seems that this transition period is unlikely in some countries, Particularly in Africa and so the model must be used with caution. |
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What steps have China and India implemented to address population growth? |
India launched led a family planning program. Launched awareness building campaigns. Sterilization programs and targets were established and vasectomy. Parents with more than 3 children were refused schooling, prisoner were not granted parole, were threatened to be fired if they did not get a vasectomy. Birth control pills were introduced.
Government made a campaign that encouraged people to only have 2 children. One child policy, people who did not cooperate were fined for having more than 1 child and most medical and educational privileges. Pressure to be sterilized and have abortions. Banned gender selection because there was an imbalance in favour of males. |
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What is the purpose of a population pyramid?
Define the term age cohort in relation to a population pyramid. |
A bar graph that shows the age and gender structure of a population.
A series of horizontal bar graphs for the male and female populations are placed back to back at age intervals of 5 years. |
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What are the child an early expanding population, a late expanding population, a stable population and a contracting population. |
Early- high birth rates and death rates, short life expectancy Expanding- rapid increase in population, high birth rate, lowering death rate, longer life expectancy Stable- stable or slow population increase, decline birth and death rates, more elderly people Contracting- extremely low birth rates and low death rates, higher dependency ratio, longer life expectancy |
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Explain gender imbalance and how this could affect society in China. |
Many male children will not be able to marry when they are older. Which means they could not produce their own Childs and may lead to decline in population. Boys outnumber girls by 143 to 100. |
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What are the 3 age groups that demographers divided population into?
Why is dependency ration and dependency load relevant to social and economic planners? |
Children up the the age of 15, working people from ages 15-64, and adults 65 years and older.
The age structure can give us insights into problems that could arise in the future resulting from a predominantly old or young population. |
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Explain the terms dependency ratio and dependency load. |
Dependency ratio- the proportion of the population (children and those over 65 of age) that is being supported by the working age group.
Dependency load- the percentage of a population that is younger than 15 or older than 64 years of age. |
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How is the rate of population calculated? |
Demographers use birth rates and death rate statistics. Birth rate is calculated by dividing the number of births in one year by the population and then multiplying the result by 1000. Death rate- subtracting death rate from birth rates gives the rate of natural increase. |
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What is natural increase? |
The rate at which a population increased or decreases in a year expressed as a percentage of the total popularity; calculated by subtracting the death rate from birth rate. |
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What is meant by the term, exponential rate? |
A rapid rate of population growth as each generation doubles in size. |
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What if the rule of 70 and how does it work? |
The time it takes a country to double its population, approximately 70 divided by the country's growth rate. |
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What is meant by net migration term? |
The difference between the number of people immigration from a country and the number of people emigrating. |
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How is population growth rate calculated? |
The rate at which a country's population increases or decreases; calculated by adding natural increase and net migration. |
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What is life expectancy?
What was life expectancy before 1750 and how did this impact the size of families? |
The average number of years an individual is expected to live.
Death rates were very high. People had a life expectancy of little more than 30 years. Disease, poor medical care, poor nutrition and unsanitary living conditions contributed to this. Families needed to have many children to endure a few survived. Larger families were needed to help dark the land and provide security for parents in old age. |
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Explain why changed in life expectancy since 1759 have been so dramatic? |
Death rates fell. The agricultural revolution increased food production so that people had better diets. Clean drinking water, a more varied and nutritious diet and vaccination against infections disease meant that far more children survived to become parents themselves. |
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What is the purpose of a demographic transition model?
What elements are considered in a demographic transition model? |
It shows changed in a populations birth and death rates and growth based on technological development.
Birth rates, death rates and trends in overall population numbers. |
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How often are such efforts made? |
Censuses go back to the ancient civilizations of Egypt and Rome. Since 1871, Canada has had major census every 10 years. Currently, a less detailed one is also conducted every 5 years. |
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Explain the terms, carrying capacity, ecological footprint, cornucopians, demographic regulations. |
Carrying capacity- the maximum number of people that can be sustained by an environment Ecological footprint- the impact of humans on the environment Cornucopians- people who have optimistic views in population growth due to advances in science and technology Demographic regulations- the theory that population growth level off as living standard improve |
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Define population distribution and ecumene.
Where does the majority of the worlds population live? |
Population distribution- the pattern of where people live in an area Ecumene- the populated area of the world
The majority of the worlds population lives north of the equator in mid-latitudes, with most living close to the worlds ocean. |
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What is meant by the term population density? |
The number of people living in an given area; calculated by dividing the population by its area. |
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What is meant by the term crude densities and how are they determined? |
Population densities for the countries of the world. They are calculated dividing the population of a country by its area. |
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Why are crude densities not necessarily reliable? |
Because **** you |
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How are these types of population represented in a pyramid? |
Expanding pyramids represents developing countries. Stable and contracting pyramids represents developed countries. |
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Which types of counties are likely to have which pyramid?
Referring to the population pyramid of Chad, what can you determine about life expectancy in that country? |
India has an expanding population and Iceland has an stable pyramid.
There's short life expectancy. |
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How have changes in life expectancy and low birth rates affected countries like Japan? |
Life expectancy is the highest in the world for Japan. If trends continue, 1/3 of Japanese population will be over 65 in 2025. Low birth rates mean there are fewer workers to care for them. |
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What potential problems are associated with developing countries having high numbers of young dependants? |
Developing countries have young dependants under the age of 15 making up half of their population. These countries remain in a cycle of poverty. India and Africa have to provide employment for the increasing numbers of young people. |
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Describe the trend in Canada's birth rates and death rates since 1980s.
What problems are associated with these trends? |
The rates have been drooling steadily in the past 30 years. This means the population is getting older.
The increasing number of elderly people puts immense strains on social and medical services. There are free sold ten to look after aging parents. Puts pressure on health care system to provide more long term care for the elderly. The cost of health services rise. |
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What steps has the Canadian government taken to address these problems? |
Th population is one of the main reasons the federal government considers when deciding on the amount of immigrants Canada will accept each year.
Immigrants account for a large and increased proportion of labour force growth in Canada. |
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What difficulties has the Canadian government faced in addressing these problems? |
Many difficulties they face is attracting young, skilled workers and entrepreneurs to offset the aging workforce. Many skilled immigrants, such as those in health care find it difficult to get professional accreditation in Canada. More money is now spent in handling refugees claims than in processing regular immigration. |
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What criticism had been made of the Canadian government? |
Critics claimed budget cuts and the time spent processing refugees are the reasons Canada has not reached its immigration target. |
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What factors account for the rise in the Aboriginal population of Canada? |
Demographic factors, such as high birth rates. In addition more individuals are identifying themselves as Aboriginal.
-The number of status Indians living off reserves has increased since 1996 -80% of Aboriginals lived in either in Ontario or in the 4 western provinces in 2006 -The average age of the Aboriginal population is 27, compared to 40 for the non-Aboriginal population. |
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How often are such efforts made? |
Censuses go back to the ancient civilizations of Egypt and Rome. Since 1871, Canada has had major census every 10 years. Currently, a less detailed one is also conducted every 5 years. |
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Explain the terms, carrying capacity, ecological footprint, cornucopians, demographic regulations. |
Carrying capacity- the maximum number of people that can be sustained by an environment Ecological footprint- the impact of humans on the environment Cornucopians- people who have optimistic views in population growth due to advances in science and technology Demographic regulations- the theory that population growth level off as living standard improve |
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Define population distribution and ecumene.
Where does the majority of the worlds population live? |
Population distribution- the pattern of where people live in an area Ecumene- the populated area of the world
The majority of the worlds population lives north of the equator in mid-latitudes, with most living close to the worlds ocean. |
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What is meant by the term population density? |
The number of people living in an given area; calculated by dividing the population by its area. |
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What is meant by the term crude densities and how are they determined? |
Population densities for the countries of the world. They are calculated dividing the population of a country by its area. |
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Describe the trend in Canada's birth rates and death rates since 1980s.
What problems are associated with these trends? |
The rates have been drooling steadily in the past 30 years. This means the population is getting older.
The increasing number of elderly people puts immense strains on social and medical services. There are fewer children looking after aging parents. Puts pressure on health care system to provide more long term care for the elderly. The cost of health services rise. |
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How are these types of population represented in a pyramid? |
Expanding pyramids represents developing countries. Stable and contracting pyramids represents developed countries. |
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Which types of counties are likely to have which pyramid?
Referring to the population pyramid of Chad, what can you determine about life expectancy in that country? |
India has an expanding population and Iceland has an stable pyramid.
There's short life expectancy. |
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How have changes in life expectancy and low birth rates affected countries like Japan? |
Life expectancy is the highest in the world for Japan. If trends continue, 1/3 of Japanese population will be over 65 in 2025. Low birth rates mean there are fewer workers to care for them. |
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What potential problems are associated with developing countries having high numbers of young dependants? |
Developing countries have young dependants under the age of 15 making up half of their population. These countries remain in a cycle of poverty. India and Africa have to provide employment for the increasing numbers of young people. |
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Describe the trend in Canada's birth rates and death rates since 1980s.
What problems are associated with these trends? |
The rates have been drooling steadily in the past 30 years. This means the population is getting older.
The increasing number of elderly people puts immense strains on social and medical services. There are free sold ten to look after aging parents. Puts pressure on health care system to provide more long term care for the elderly. The cost of health services rise. |
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What steps has the Canadian government taken to address these problems? |
Th population is one of the main reasons the federal government considers when deciding on the amount of immigrants Canada will accept each year.
Immigrants account for a large and increased proportion of labour force growth in Canada. |
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What is meant by the term population density?
Which parts of the world is population density highest? |
The number of people living in an given area; calculated by dividing the population by its area.
Monaco |
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What criticism had been made of the Canadian government? |
Critics claimed budget cuts and the time spent processing refugees are the reasons Canada has not reached its immigration target. |
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Why are crude densities not necessarily reliable? |
Useful for general comparisons but do not take into account for the wide variations that exist within larger countries |
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What are some of the physical factors affecting population density? |
Climate, landscape, resources, soils, vegetation, water, accessibility. |
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What are some of the human factors affecting population density? |
Communication, culture, development, disease, government policies. |
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Explain nutritional density.
What factors might influenced nutritional density? |
Measure of how much nutrition in calories can be produced from a certain area.
Rich soils and climate. |
