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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Draw the aldehyde functional group
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Draw the ketone functional group
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Draw the carboxylic acid functional group
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Draw the ether functional group
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Explain the term elimination reaction
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A reaction in which a small molecule is removed from a larger molecule leaving an unsaturated molecule
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What are the products in the dehydration of alcohol?
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An unsaturated (alkene) molecule and water
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What conditions are needed for the dehydration of an alcohol?
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Alcohol vapour passed over alumina catalyst at 300ºC
OR heating under reflux with concentrated sulfuric acid |
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Define an addition reaction
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A reaction where two or more molecules react to form a single larger molecule
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Define an electrophile
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A positive ion or molecule with a partial positive charge that will be attracted to a negatively charged region and react by accepting a lone pair of electrons to form a covalent bond
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State the colour change that occurs when bromine reacts with an alkene
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orange-brown to colourless
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Draw the electrophilic reaction between bromine and ethene and explain in clear steps what has occurred
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-electrons in bromine repelled by alkene bond
-bromine = polarised -δ+ bromine acts as electrophile and accepts lone pair of electrons to form covalent bond w. carbon -carbocation forms bc. lost electrons -lone pair of Br- electrons given to carbocation to form new Br-C covalent bond |
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Draw the electrophilic reaction between hydrogen bromide and an ethene and state what conditions are needed
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-room temperature with HBr solution in a polar solvent
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Draw the reaction of ethene and hydrogen and state the conditions needed
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-Platinum catalyst at room temperature and pressure
OR -Nickel catalyst, finely milled, reactants heated to 150ºC |
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How is ethanol made in the industry? Draw an equation for the addition reaction.
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-Catalyst = phosphoric acid adsorbed onto solid silica
-300 degrees, 60 atm -water = steam |
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How is ethanol made in the lab? Draw an equation for this addition reaction
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-first add concentrated sulfuric acid
-then dilute it with water -water + alkene is e.g. of hydration reaction |
