Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
107 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Filibuster |
rule unique to the US Senate that allows any senator to hold the flow indefinitely and thereby delay a vote on a bill to which they object. ended only when sixty senators vote for cloture |
|
|
Legislative hold |
An informal way for a senator to object to a bill or other measure reaching the Senate floor. The action affectively whole Senate proceedings on that issue sometimes for weeks or longer |
|
|
Congress |
Congress is bicameral It has 435 House members (2years) and 100 senators(6years) |
|
|
Trustee/delegate |
Trustee is when we trust the representative to use their best judgment
Delegate is when they do what the people want |
|
|
Support the troops appeal |
If you criticized the war, you would look unpatriotic. Very effective propaganda. If our enemy sees that us Americans don't support the war, the enemies morale will rise. If you don't support the troops, you're "killing them" |
|
|
Contempt for antiwar voices |
They don't deal with the people against war, they just make hasty generalizations and look down on them. Treated them with contempt |
|
|
Managing the news |
The pentagon shapes media- they were giving the war catchy names and they only leaked info that they wanted the public to hear |
|
|
Warship of technology |
Everyone is glorifying the aircraft used during the war and they also praise all the weaponry used such as bombs and grenades. They didn't get focus on the damage that these dangerous weapons create. Inspired confidence |
|
|
Civilian casualties |
The number of casualties has risen to 90% within the last 50 years. Not the soldiers who chose to be in the war or were drafted. The US shooting and killing people with high-tech weaponry is considered morally acceptable |
|
|
Embedding reporters |
They limited where reporters could go, however they soon allowed reporters to follow along soldiers in the war. They were wearing the same uniform and protection as soldiers. There was a close relationship between journalists and soldiers. But embedding reporters was completely unnecessary. This is another form of propaganda. They were forced to bond with the invaders and didn't get the perspective of the defense |
|
|
The Vietnam syndrome |
America's attempt to forget about all the bad things that happened. People were getting uneasy and just wanted the war to be swift and quick victory. The United States most unpopular war |
|
|
The quagmire frame |
A term to describe the way we began looking at the war when they think we have no chance of winning. The public has turned against the war. The end stage. |
|
|
Wayne Morse |
One of the two senators to vote AGAINST the Gulf of Tonkin resolution. Meaning he didn't agree with the war |
|
|
Ways Congress represents |
Geo graphic representation they live in state they represent Descriptive representation substantive representation effectively pursue constituent interest |
|
|
Reapportionment |
Re-organization of the boundaries of house districts, a process that follows the results of the U.S. Census, taken every 10 years. District lines or read drawn to ensure rough equalities in the number of constituents represented by each house member |
|
|
How Congress members win |
Fundraising all the time Homestyle for their people Campaigning for reelection |
|
|
King of the hill rule |
A special rule governing floor consideration of a bill. A series of amendments on the same topic may win all majority approval, but only the last amendment receiving a major vote -the king of the hill -is incorporated into the bill |
|
|
Earmark |
A legislative item, usually included in sending appropriations bills that direct Congress to fund a particular item in one house district or senators area |
|
|
The house |
A speaker majority and minority leaders 10 whips Discipline the party members |
|
|
Congress committees |
Workhorses of Congress. It hides action from public view it goes to committees before going to the floor Hearings are where they analyze policies Mark up session is a gathering to draft the final version of the bill before they vote on it |
|
|
Unanimous consent |
Senate requirement, applied to most of that bodies business, that all senators agree before an action can proceed |
|
|
Closure vote |
The senates only approved method for holding a filibuster or lifting a legislative hold if 60 senators 3/5 of the body vote for closure the mean measure can proceed to vote |
|
|
Veto |
The constitutional procedure by which a president can prevent an enactment of Congress passed legislation Blocks law by refusing to sign |
|
|
Bills |
Only members can introduce a bill Congressional committees hold hearings marking up or deleting bills repair them for floor action Once passed in congress laws still face conference committees vetoes or both |
|
|
Expressed powers |
Powers the Constitution explicitly granted to the president |
|
|
Going public |
Directly addressing the public to win support for oneself or one's ideas |
|
|
Political orders |
A set of ideas institutions and coalitions that dominate the era |
|
|
The executive office of the president EOP |
The agencies that help the president manage daily activities |
|
|
Chief of staff |
The individual responsible for managing the presidents office |
|
|
Spoils system |
Government jobs given out as political favors |
|
|
Universalistic politics |
Government by universal rules impartially applied |
|
|
The bureaucratic model |
Hierarchy the chain of command Division of labor become experts Fixed routines for the procedure Equal rules for all opposite spoil system Technical qualifications |
|
|
Bureaucratic pathologies |
The problem is that we tend to develop in bureaucratic systems
Rote Old routines with new developments Imperialism bigger budget Turf war overlapping jobs Lack of coordination Clientelism favors corporations over small companies out of routine |
|
|
Dilemma from bureaucracies |
Because they rely on specialized expertise and information bureaucracies posit dilemma for democratic governance |
|
|
Bureaucracy |
Once a law is passed or executive orders signed the program goes the bureaucracy to put into effect Bureaucrats proposed rules, publish them, gather comments, rewrite the rules, and then publish final version |
|
|
Delegated powers |
Powers that Congress pass on to the president |
|
|
Regulatory capture |
The theory that industries dominate the agencies that regulate them |
|
|
Central service agencies |
The organizations that supply instead of the federal government |
|
|
Private contractors |
Private companies that contracts to provide goods and services for the government |
|
|
Who controls the bureaucracy |
The people the president Congress interest groups Bureaucratic autonomy Democracy revisited |
|
|
Overhead democracy |
A system by which the people elect the president, who, through their appointees, control the bureaucracy from the top How president controls bureaucracy |
|
|
Principal agent theory |
Analysis of how policy makers (principles) can control actors who won't work for them (agents) but have far more information How congress controls the bureaucracy (Also controls through funding) |
|
|
Whistleblower |
A federal worker who reports corruption or fraud How bureaucratic autonomy control bureaucracy |
|
|
Bureaucratic problems and solutions |
Crisis of the bureaucracy focus on cost inertia and public mistress Solutions include sunshine reforms reinventing government to make it more constituent friendly and privatizing some of its funds |
|
|
Litigation /mediation |
L - The conduct of lawsuit M- A way of resolving disputes without going to court, in which a third-party (the mediator) helps two or more size negotiate a settlement |
|
|
Courts |
The US relies on litigation more than other nations reflected in the number of lawsuits and lawyers We don't trust the Supreme Court Very involved in American pop culture both idealistically and cynically
Courts powers are all divided |
|
|
Inherent powers of the president |
Powers assumed by presidents ,often during crisis ,on the basis that the constitutional phrase the executive power shall be vested in the president |
|
|
Court division |
State level Local /district courts are the trial courts State courts are appeals courts Next is the highest state court of appeals Federal level District courts Court of Appeals Supreme Court Some states let people vote some governor appoints some decided by committee |
|
|
District courts |
The first level of federal courts, which actually try the cases. Each decision is based not on a statute but on previous judicial decisions All federal judges are appointed at every level |
|
|
Circuit courts US Court of Appeals |
The second stage of federal courts, which review the trial Record of cases decided in district courts to ensure they were settled properly |
|
|
Specialized courts |
Specific subject courts military justice tax disputes foreign intelligence surveillance
All appointed by the president |
|
|
Judicial review |
The courts authority to strike down ask that violate the Constitution and to interpret what the constitution means |
|
|
Judicial activism |
A vigorous or active approach to reviewing the other branches of government |
|
|
Judicial restraint |
Reluctance to interfere with a lot of branches only doing so as a last resort |
|
|
Common law |
A system of law developed by judges in deciding cases over the centuries |
|
|
President |
Judicial decisions that offer a guide to similar cases in the future |
|
|
Civil law |
Cases that involve disputes between two parties |
|
|
President |
In theory congress passes laws and the president execute them. In reality presidents constantly negotiate the limits of their power which often expands in a crisis We want a powerful president but we also fear it Strongest in foreign-policy Limited power in domestic problems |
|
|
Criminal law |
Cases in which someone is charged with breaking the law |
|
|
Plaintiff |
The party that brings the action in a lawsuit The prosecutor |
|
|
Defendant |
The party that a suit in a court case |
|
|
Imperial presidency |
A characterization of the American presidency that suggests it is demonstrating imperial treats and that the republic is morphing into an empire |
|
|
Override |
The process by which Congress can overcome a presidential veto with a two thirds vote in both chambers |
|
|
Political appointees |
Top officials in the executive agencies appointed by the president |
|
|
Civil servants |
Members of the permanent executive branch bureaucracy who are employed on the basis of the competitive exams and keep the position regardless of the potential administration |
|
|
Executive order |
A presidential declaration, with the force of law, the issues instruction to the executive branch without any requirement for congressional action or approval |
|
|
President part two |
Tells us who we are and who we are becoming
Commander-in-chief Top diplomat first legislator Chief bureaucrat economist in chief the head of state party leader Introduces new ideas |
|
|
Supreme court |
Appointed for life Nominated by President approved by Congress At least for supreme court judges must agree to hear a case before it comes to court |
|
|
California Senate |
Most powerful is the president pro tem Elected by majority party like the speaker Controls all other committee assignments and flow of legislation |
|
|
Requirements to go to the Supreme court |
Legitimate controversy actual dispute between two parties no opinions Case must have standing to the actual harm If court renders it moot or irrelevant case is thrown out. they can't do anything |
|
|
Stare decisis |
Deciding cases on the basis of previous rulings or proceedings Standby things decided |
|
|
Ways judges make decisions |
Stare decisis Ideology or beliefs Peer pressure Institutional concerns The court as it institution |
|
|
Supreme court cases |
Plessy v. Ferguson - segregation Brown v. Board of Education- school segregation Roe v. Wade - abortion US v. Nixon - hiding materials Bush v. Gore - recount of election |
|
|
California legislator |
All states must organize upper chambers my population rather than by county or territory Every 10 years they re-district represented areas based on population |
|
|
State term limits |
In 1990 and initiative past that limited elected executive branch officers and state senators to two 4yr terms and assembly members to three two-year terms
Made to see new faces and reduce money influence End up jumping from one chamber to the other |
|
|
Political cannibalism |
Someone turned out assembly members have challenged senators from their own political party who are a little shovel to serve another term and try to return to the house
Jump all over the place like musical chairs |
|
|
legislation quality decline |
Term limits make it so there is little opportunity to gain experience Can't get legislative knowledge because the rapid turnover Now can stay in one chamber for a longer period of time Doesn't work for the people we like because we get rid of them |
|
|
Cali assembly |
Assembly is larger speaker of the assembly is in charge controls floor of legislation designation of committee chairs and distribution of campaign funds to members Party with a majority chooses the speaker There is also a majority and minority floor leaders as well as whips or assistants |
|
|
California government layout |
40 senators 80 Assembly members Governor Several committees |
|
|
Bill becoming a law in California |
1) bill proposed by citizen or legislative member 2) goes to two or three committees 3) goes to legislative body 4) is revised three times 5)Voted on 6)Two thirds vote in each house 7)goes to Governor He signs vetoes or ignores for 12 days |
|
|
Gut and amend |
When the deadline for introductions of a bill has passed, the author may strip the bill of its original language and offer replacement language to deal with a pressing topic new to the legislative agenda |
|
|
Logrolling |
A give-and-take bargaining process in which legislators agreed to support each other's bills |
|
|
Ghost voting |
When a member of the assembly cast a vote of another assembly member by clicking their electronic devices this is illegal |
|
|
Cali Courts |
Superior Courts - trial courts court of appeal - look for errors in trial - not verdict Supreme court - 7 members |
|
|
qualifications to being a SC judge in cali |
admitted to practice law in cali for 10 years (Min) Cali Supreme judges appointed by governor -judges can also appoint by end of second term -lawyers can also run -6 year terms -no term limits |
|
|
runoff election |
if no candidate wins a majority in the primary election, the two candidates with the most votes face each other in a run off election |
|
|
Lower Judge (cali) |
12 year terms -approved by commission on judicial appointments -then voted on my people (no party label) -almost always win reelections (no competition) |
|
|
Judge removal |
-can be removed by commission on judicial performance |
|
|
Jury (cali) |
-drawn from licensed drivers, voters, and property owners |
|
|
District attorney |
elected county official |
|
|
Public defender? Plea bargaining |
B- a pretrial agreement when the defendant pleas guilty
|
|
|
Judicial activism |
making policy through court decisions rather than through the legislative or electoral process |
|
|
Three strikes |
strengthens penalties -anyone convicted of three felonies to serve a sentence of 25 years to life -stops judges from going soft on them |
|
|
realignment |
when we transfer criminals who are non violent from prisons to county jails |
|
|
Cali Executive branch |
governor -state budget - appoints - shapes public opinion -powers come from constitution -12 days to veto Lieutenant governor attorney general secretary of state -all run independently |
|
|
General veto Item veto |
G- rejects a bill entirely I - get rid of parts of it |
|
|
Special session |
the governor calls when he thinks the legislators have over looked an important issue |
|
|
Executive order (governor) |
-simular to legislation -causes a lot of lawsuits |
|
|
Appointment powers |
-99% of people are civil servants - didn't want the spoils system -but he can appoint about 2,500 important roles |
|
|
Lieutenant governor |
executive in waiting - like the VP -fills in if governor cannot do job |
|
|
Attorney general |
head of department of justice -oversees law enforcement |
|
|
Secretary of state |
record keeper and election supervisor |
|
|
Superintendent of public instruction |
-head of department of education |
|
|
Money officers |
-manage state money treasurer in |
|
|
non partisan |
-no party names on the ballot |
|
|
general law |
-applies to many counties |
|
|
Charters |
country managing their own structure in documents |
