Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
72 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
how did minorites understand position in society? |
assessed their position relative to whites |
|
|
Three fifths clause |
article one section 2 african americans counted for 3/5 in the census |
|
|
fugitive slave clause |
all states must enforce rights of slave holders article 3 section 2 |
|
|
Naturalization Act of 1790 |
gave citizenships to free white males leaving out women, indentured servants, slaves, native americans |
|
|
scientific racism |
scientific studies done to justify racism using biological traits |
|
|
white identity at dawn of civil rights era |
low levels european migration political organization depression reuduced class differences decline in new euro imigration----> great social contract and intermarriage among whites and imigrants post ww2 economoy non zero sum mobility |
|
|
white advantage |
social, economic, legal priviledges that whites could exercise more freely than non whites |
|
|
examples of the state and white advantage |
early us devalues/destoryed assets of nonwhites to advantage of euro colonists ---native lands taken away -----black transition indentured to slave ---- citizenship denied ---voting rights from landholders to adult males |
|
|
homestead act 1862 |
land sold in small plots to ensure productivity transferred 285 acres of us land to citizens had to stay there 5 years blacks faced anti vagrancy laws |
|
|
morril land grand college act 1862 |
land made available to each state to build state colleges blacks/ mexicans/ asians denied equal access |
|
|
plessy vs ferguson |
seperate but equal |
|
|
corrigan v buckley |
neighborhood segregation by govmt private contracts to not rent/lease to blacks |
|
|
Immigration policies |
page act 1875 chinese exclusion act (eventually all asians the ilerate literacy test nation orgigin quotas |
|
|
G I bill |
educational discrim that ensured nonwhite vetrans less able to get benefits in educational financing |
|
|
european perspective of natives |
indians werent christian so heathens |
|
|
indian perspective of europeans |
useful, europeans used land rather than revered it |
|
|
doctrine of discovery |
internation law doctrine rights to unoccupied lands in new world granted to settlers from catholic countries relations with na based on christian superiority |
|
|
civilization program |
land acquisition, encouraging natives to adopt american agricultural lifestyle |
|
|
johnson v M'intosh |
supreme court upheld doctrine of discovery diminished property rights of indian nations triabl soverighnty limited by congress private parties could not purchase land from indians |
|
|
cherokee nations v georgia |
georgia attempts to remove indians and sell the land supreme court says no tribes dependents of us |
|
|
worchester v georgia |
georgia extended into cherokee territory upheld territorial integrity of indian lands states have no jurisdiction in indian country |
|
|
indian removal act of 1830 |
andrew jackson didnt enforce indian rights removed 5 civilized tribes in missiippi valley to oklahoma |
|
|
trail of tears |
resettlement journey thousands died of illness and starvation |
|
|
14th ammendment |
granted freed slaves citizenship constitutional rights and privleds gave black men right to vote incorporated them into political system |
|
|
bureau of indian affairs |
federal agency to fulfill govmt obligations to indians to attempt to assimilate them into society |
|
|
assimilation |
process of becoming american, adotpting american customs and language |
|
|
general allotment act of 1887 (dawes act) |
gave indians parcels of land attempt to get indians to move to american system of ownership and disreguard their own values and ways fo doing things |
|
|
blood quantum |
tool of racial classification based on how much native american someone is |
|
|
what happened that impacted indians in 1924 |
granted citizenship and the right to vote |
|
|
indian reorganization act of 1934 |
rejected allotment policy reestablished reservations as important increased tribal self governance |
|
|
termination act |
removed millions of acres of land from indian control terminated federal services to various tribes govmt attemped to move indains from rural reservations to cities |
|
|
red power movement |
movement to get he us to give back the land taken from the native americans |
|
|
self determination |
a way to achieve respect and support of tribal soverignty |
|
|
declaration of indian purpose |
called for end to termination, educational reforms, tribal control of resource mgmt and social services |
|
|
indian civil rights act of 1968 |
extended protections of most of the bill of rights to all people in indian country |
|
|
treaty of guadalupe hidalgo |
ended us mexican war transfer 1/2 of mexicos territory to us grant us citizenship to formed mexicans who remained in the new us land protection of land rights to new us citizens native americans in former mexican territory not given us citizenship |
|
|
jones act |
established citizenship for puerto ricans |
|
|
mexican american politics |
elite political decline eco disempowerment loss mexician american land holdings demographic changes |
|
|
rebirth of mex/american politics |
new migration from mexico and emrgence new ethnic idenity |
|
|
Electoral firsts in latino politics |
edward roybal henry gonzalez raymond telles |
|
|
viva kennedy |
org by mexican americans to get latinos registered to vote and gain latino vote for kennedy |
|
|
cuban revolution |
long history of short term political migration from cuba to the us after changes in the cuban govmt |
|
|
civil rights in latino communities |
post war characterized by eco gains, new opps for white ethnics but not latinos political and eco discrimination chicano movement and raza unida party |
|
|
forms of civil right organizing for latinos |
land rights claims voter mobilization youth organizing focusing on education labor organizing nationalist |
|
|
in 1980 census _____ added to racial category |
latinio |
|
|
pre civil rights era of latino history shaped by |
mexican americans puerto ricans cuban americans |
|
|
mexican american racialization |
class based exclusion race ethnicity near absoulute barrier declining racialization in response to civic and political organizing |
|
|
puerto rican racialization |
disenfranchisement based on race ethnicity class civic org reduce group barriers |
|
|
cuban american racialization |
us govmt support political objections local responses to mariel and duration cuban migration raise salience of ethnic differences |
|
|
1808 prohibition |
prohibitied congress from passing any law that ended the slave trade from africa until 20 years after constitution was ratified |
|
|
first reconstruction |
slavery ended, aa freed under the 13th amend men given right to vote growth of black elected officials |
|
|
white resistence |
white redemption mass intimidation and violence sanction of anti black racial discrimination, racial sepreration, violence voter intimidation, incarcerated state seperate whites and blacks in public spaces |
|
|
second reconstruction |
aa group conciousness and leaders/activists southern societies losing tools suppression fed government paying more attion creation of coalitions |
|
|
two protest cycles |
montgomerry bus boycott and student protest 1963 march on washington, i have a dream speech leads to : 1964 civil rights act, 1965 voting rights act, fair housing act |
|
|
black politics during jim crow |
awareness/ conciousness of 2nd class citizenship role of black teachers, churches, orgs |
|
|
racialization |
happens to a social group over time as framing and boundary mechanisims work to promote exploitation and exclusion on basis of inheritied usually observable characterisitcs |
|
|
reasons for emigration of asian americans |
european colonization and imperialism led to powers creating trade routes to force open far east ports small # emigrated to us prior to 1870s especially new orleans |
|
|
push pull factors of asian americans |
economic and plitical turmoil in homelands business govmt recruitment workers, hawaiian plantation indirect paths to us as part entreprenuer/ servant class |
|
|
us imperialism and hawaiian gateway |
imperialism forces chinese immigration military and economic interest spur jap emigration korean and filipino recruitment indirect east indian emigration |
|
|
early immigrant experience |
created small but vibrant communities had common desire to benefit from job and eco opps |
|
|
immigrant experiences of chinese |
transcontinental railroad, cali gold rush |
|
|
jajpanesse filipino, koreans early imigrant experience |
hawaii 70% workforce, form pan ethnic ties and organize |
|
|
______ against asian women limited strong establishment of community |
gender discrimination |
|
|
asiatic exclusion league |
chinese laborers seen as model workers, threat to white eco security |
|
|
1882 chinese exclusion act |
california, prohibited reentry of chinese laborers for 10 years after they left. if they wanted reetry they had to get certificates from chinese and us government |
|
|
1907 gentelmen's agreement |
japan didnt want to be seen like chinese but restraints of # of japs who could apply for emigration to us |
|
|
1917 barred zone |
anti asian movement moved in direction of greater restrictions on asians |
|
|
1924 immigration and nationality act |
naturalized citzen, had to be white |
|
|
Takao ozawa vs. US |
lt japanese man who wanted to be naturalized citizen was yellow and not white according to 1790 legal requirement |
|
|
us vs bhagat sigh thind |
court reasoned thind cacasian because aryand but not white as commonly understood by whites |
|
|
executive order 9066 and public law 503 |
10 imprisonment camps, 100,000 japanese americans |
|
|
2 myths of asian american pan ethnic label |
model minority- hard working, intellegent, passive workers whore role models -------- racial threat- belief they are alien and cant be integrated at american society and thus are menance like yellow peril myth |
