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109 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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The Two Congresses
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Is the idea of serving the nation and your constituency
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Ex. Ability of Demo. can work on more then more then one standing committee in order to better represent their constituency.
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House apportionment
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Apportioned among the states pop. Average 700,000 per district
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Ex. Nevada's 2000 66% growth and gaining 1 seat
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BCRA 2002
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ban of soft money, hard money contribution limits, state/local parties can't spend soft money for fed campaign,
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Ex.
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Issue Voting
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voting based on a issue or cluster of issues.
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Ex. Gun rights, Gay marriage, Abortion
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Primary Constituency
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the strongest supporters, political base, supporters durning the primary.
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Ex. Ron Paul.
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Informal Party Groups
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have certain focuses, unicameral/bicameral
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Ex. Republican Study Committee, count down crew
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Informal Criteria (Committee Assignments)
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informal guidelines based off merit, seniority, caucus diversity, and interest of topic
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Ex. Gingrich and by passing seniority too give chairmanships to republicans.
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Rules Committee
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committee that makes rules for congress. speaker is chairman
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Ex.
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Conference Report
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chosen from several standing committees. Chambers have a vote.
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Ex.
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Institutionalization
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The process of Congress becoming a institution with rules and traditions
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Ex.
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Incumbency Factor
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More money and more likely to win
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Surge and decline
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Up Down
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Representation
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acting as a delegate of ones constituency.
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Whips
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Are part of leadership. Are to get party to vote together.
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Policy Environment
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Committee of the whole
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The house under different rules. quorum of a 100 not 218.
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Decision to Specialize
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Logrolling
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Omnibus Bills that trade off support so that each side get what's wanted.
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Speaker
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The head of the House. Third in line to presidency.
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Conditional Party Government Theory
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If party in unified against opposition then it will have a strong party leader ship.
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Promoting Party Unity
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voting with the party
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Coalition building
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the use of omnibus bills
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Social Lobbying
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lobbying for social things
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Bundling
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interest groups collect personal donations and deliver it to politicians
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Legislative/executive interdependence
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either brach can not do anything without the other
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Gomillion V. Lightfoot
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for bid gerrymandering based on race.
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Biases of Voting
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voting is biases to the older, smarter, not fucking stupid people
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Constituency service
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reps doing work for their constituency
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Floor leaders
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house majority, majority whip, speaker,
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Conference committee
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committee from both house and senate. they make a bill that goes to both houses then to prez.
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Bill Drafting
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The process of writing a bill. anyone can do it. Give them nice names
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Patriot act
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Unanimous Consent Agreements
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limit debate on the bill, amendments and various motions, time of vote.
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gun legislation with a Unanimous consent agreement lessen the amounts of amendments.
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Bicameralism
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Two Houses
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Senate and House of reps
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Malapportionment
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districts with unequal populations
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such as a rural district having more power than the metropolitan districts.
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Parallel Campaigns
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aids for an issue but not for a candidate.
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Hill Styles
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House speaker in
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Joseph Cannon
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house speaker, Had revolt against Speaker power in 1910
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Coalition Building
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attempting to gain votes for a bill
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use of media, omnibus bills, and timing
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Shortcuts for bills
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suspension of the rules
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Rule 21
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rules 22 gives senate ability to stop debating if it has a 60% majority
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Implicit bargaining
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Legislator takes actions designed to elicit reactions from others, without any negotiation.
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hold hearing to get peoples attention
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Party cohesion
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party working together
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speaker as coach
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Leader tells/makes House work to a certain goal
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Individualism (senate)
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senate doesnt have the leadership that the house does.
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Party caucuses
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the organization of all partisans in a chamber. elect leaders, approve committee assignments.
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Nation of joiners
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Jack Abramoff scandal
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scandal of bribing people with gifts. caused lobbying reform in the 110th congress
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Issue networks
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Congressional caucuses (informal groups)
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same as before
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power to persuade
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constitutional ambiguities
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the non specific wording of the constitution
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Effect on party (voting)
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political ideology on voting
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beer is much better than a woman!!!!!!
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personal style of speaker
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policis is a a a a a a a marshion
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scheduling floor business
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Two party system
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Exchange hypothesis
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groups form to have more power and to gain benefits
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Interest groups
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advocacy campaigns
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issue based campaigns
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Medicare, abortion, Guns, gay
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Lobby Disclosure Act of 1995
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broadened the definition of those that must register as lobbyists.
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act added 10, 612 first time registrants
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Administrative President
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President that is more independent from congress
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uses executive orders, make new agencies
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Two presidencies
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foreign and domestic
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woodrow Wilson 14 points
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advise and consent
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appointments to the supreme court must be approved by the senate
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administrative procedure act of 1946
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established standards for rule making by government
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Mandatory reports
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prez, federal agencies or department assess programs and report findings
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congress can shut down a agencies funding unless it files repots to congress
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Bifurcated career patterns
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adopting policy
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the process of a bill going through the government
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communist heal care
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Piecemeal policy making
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the combinations of parts from writer, to committees, to floor amendments, in making up the whole piece of legislation
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Backdoor spending techniques
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authorization laws that mandate, rather than recommend, the expenditure of federal funds.
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strategic policies
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embrace important foreign policy questions.
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total military forces levels
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Structural policies
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decisions about deploying vast resources
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choice of specific weapons systems, contracts with private suppliers
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War Powers resolution
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requires the president to consult with congress before introducing U.S. troops into hostilities.
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Gulf War I AND 2
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Rulemaking Process
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The process that the bureaucracy and courts go through to make specific rules.
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FDA says what's safe to eat not congr
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Congressional vetoes
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prez or agency takes action that are not what congress intended
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Alabama V. Garrett
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something to do with ADA thing for disabled people
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Foreign Lobbying
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those who lobby for foreign nations
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Bargaining strategy
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the different strategies for bargaining
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Whip
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job to get the members of congress to vote along party lines.
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Majority leader
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leader of the senate
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Harry Reid
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Informal Party groups
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groups that have policy focus. try to heighten awareness
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omnibus bills
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bill with more than just on
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Electronic lobbying
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the use of tech. by lobbyist to get support and information to people and congress
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Rush Limbaugh
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Rating legislators
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groups that give "report cards" on congresspersons voting
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Environmentalist rating legislators on their green voting
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Revolving door
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Legislators who go from public sector to the private sector
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Post-veto action
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actions taken by congress after a bill has been vetoed
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override, do nothing, or the use of the presidents sing statements.
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Title creep
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congressional review act of 1996
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requires regulators to submit all proposed major rules/regulations to house and senate
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2001-2003 congress used it
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Constitutional review
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when the judiciary reviews a law to see if it is constitutional or not
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withdrawal of jurisdiction
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Bicameralism
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two houses. House if fast and senate is slow and individualistic
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Budgetary authorizations
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gramm rudman hollings
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establishment of annual deficit reduction targets. pres can impose automatic spending cuts
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congressional military complex
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military contracts
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legislative mandates
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acts passed that directly affect foreign policy
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oversight
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hearings/investigations over prez about foreign policy. divided government
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inspectors general
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in every fed department and agency.
submit to congress reports on rooting out waste |
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statutory interpretation
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the process of the judiciary interpreting what congress wrote
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nomination battles
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battles in the senate over supreme court nominations
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reactive policy making
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policy made in a reaction to an event
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9/11, katrina
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reconciliation
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tax law and spending are changed to reach revenue targets in the congressional budget
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regulatory policy
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regulates private industry
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FDA
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Continuing resolutions
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Budget enforcement act
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attention on spending control, established caps for discretionary spending
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executive agreements
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international accords that are not submitted to the senate
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cooper and brandy
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homogeneity congresses constituencies varies over time.
the more homo the electorate the more cohesive the legislator. |
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smith
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party leaders are motivated by both policy and electoral goals and must balance both
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kingdon
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members of congress employ cues from party, state delegations, interest groups, on how to vote
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cameron
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veto is a powerful tool for influencing legislative outcomes
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fisher
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relations between congress and prez do not support separation of powers
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Hall and Wayman
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find money effects committee more than floor and significantly encourage legislative involvement
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