Political Science International Relations

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anarchy

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No rulership or enforced authority

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state sovereignty

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states have the right to control their own government

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self-help

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the principle that in anarchy actors must rely on themselves

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reason of state/national interest

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governs the conduct of leaders responsible for the security and survivlal of the state...regardless of morality

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security dilemma

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the propensity of armaments undertaken by one state for ostensibly defensive puposes to threaten other states, which arm in reaction, with the result that their national security declines as their arms increase.

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selective perception

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interpreting events according to previous experience...

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cognitive dissonance

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the psychological tendency to deny or rationalize away discrepencies between one's preexsisting beliefs and new information

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realism

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looks at states as rational players who are the primary actors in world affairs. Defense realism predicts that anarchy on the world stage causes states to become obsessed with security.

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liberalism

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Liberalism is a broad class of political philosophies that considers individual liberty and equality to be the most important political goals

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constructivism

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that the structures of human association are determined primarily by shared ideas rather than material forces, and (2) that the identities and interests of purposive actors are constructed by these shared ideas rather than given by nature"[2].

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long cycle theory

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a theory that focuses on the rise and fall of the leading global power as the central political process of the modern world system

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hegemony

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is a concept that has been used to describe and explain the dominance of one social group over another

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appeasement

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policy of settling international quarrels by admitting and satisfying grievances through rational negotiation and compromise, thereby avoiding the resort to an armed conflict which would be expensive, bloody, and possibly dangerous.

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containment

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Containment was a United States government policy uniting military, economic, and diplomatic strategies to contain any further spread of Communism in the world after World War II, with the goal of thereby enhancing America’s security and influence abroad by preventing a "domino effect".

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domino theory

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The domino theory was a foreign policy theory, promoted by the government of the United States, that speculated that if one land in a region came under the influence of communism, then the surrounding countries would follow in a domino effect.

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isolationism

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polititions should avoid non-territirial threat wars, there should be legal barriers to protect trade

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unipolar theory

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Unipolarity in international politics describes a distribution of power in which there is one state with most of the cultural, economic, and military influence.

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levels of analysis

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three types: individual, state, systemic.

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30 years war

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split germany into many pieces, modern sovereign state system was born w/ the peace at westphalia,

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wars of german unification

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series of wars led by Otto Van Bismark, (prussia), fought in order to unite smaller german states. wars were fought with denmark, austria, and france.

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schleswig and holstein

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two cities under Dutch control that Otto Van Bismark (prussia) won control over. Austria and Prussia fought for control. Prussia wins control

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alsace and lorraine

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territory that germany and france fought over

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treay of versailles

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made soverereign territories, took military control from the German Rhineland

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saar

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germanic entity that was fought for and then restored t o

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sudentenland

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part of czhec that germany took over