Political Science Ch 5

Front 1

Affirmative action 166.

Back 1

a policy in educational admission and job hiring that gives special attention or compensatory treatment to traditionally disadvantaged groups in an effort to overcome present effects of past discrimination .

Front 2

civil disobedience 152.

Back 2

a nonviolent, public refusal to obey allegedly unjust laws.

Front 3

civil law 175.

Back 3

the law regulating conduct between private persons over noncriminal matters, including contracts, domestic relations, and business interactions.

Front 4

criminal law 175.

Back 4

the law regulating conduct between private persons over noncriminal matters, including contract, domestic relations, and business interactions.

Front 5

de facto segregation 152.

Back 5

Racial segregation that occurs because of past social and economic conditions and residential racial patterns.

Front 6

de jure segregation 151.

Back 6

racial segregation that occurs because of laws or administrative decisions by public agencies.

Front 7

feminism 160.

Back 7

the movement that supports political, economic, and social equality for women

Front 8

fertility rate 165.

Back 8

A statistic that measures the average number of children that women in a given group are expected to have over the course of lifetime.

Front 9

gender discrimination 161.

Back 9

any practice, policy or procedure that denies equality of treatment to an indiv. or to group because of gender.

Front 10

grandfather clause 150.

Back 10

a device used by southern states to disenfranchise African Americans. It restricted voting to those whose grandfathers had voted before 1867.

Front 11

hispanic 155.

Back 11

someone who can claim a heritage from Spanish- speaking country. the term is used only in the united state or other countries that receive immigrants--Spanish-speaking countries normally do not apply that term to themselves.

Front 12

intermediate scrutiny 158.

Back 12

a judicial standard for assessing the constitutionality of a law or gov. action when the law or action threatens to interfere with a fundamental right or potentially discriminates against members of a suspect classification.

Front 13

latino 155

Back 13

an alternative to the term hispanic that is preferred by many. Latina is the feminine.

Front 14

literacy test 150.

Back 14

a test administered as a precondition for voting, often used to prevent African Americans from exercising their right to vote.

Front 15

majority 175.

Back 15

the age at which a person is entitled by law to the right to manage her or his own affairs.

Front 16

poll tax 150

Back 16

a special tax that had to be paid as a qualification for voting. In 1964, the twenth-fourth amend. to the const. outlawed the poll tax in national elections, and in 1966 the supreme court declared it unconstitutional in state elections as well.

Front 17

rational basis review 159

Back 17

the standard used by the courts to determine the constitutionality of a law or government action if neither strict scrutiny nor intermediate scrutiny applies.

Front 18

reverse discrimination 167.

Back 18

the situation in which an affirmative action program discriminates against those who do not have minority status.

Front 19

separate- but-equal doctrine. 150

Back 19

the doctrine holding that separate but equal facilities do not violate the equal clause of the 14 amend. to the U.S. constitution.

Front 20

sexual harassment 163.

Back 20

unwanted physical or verbal conduct or abuse of a sexual nature that interferes with a recipient's job performance, creates a hostile work environment, or carries with it an implicit or explicit threat of adverse employment consequences.

Front 21

strict scrutiny 158.

Back 21

a judicial standard for assessing the constitutionality of a law or gov. action when the law or action threatens to interfere with a fundamental right or potentially discriminates against members of a suspect classification.

Front 22

suffrage 159.

Back 22

the right to vote; franchise

Front 23

suspect classification 158.

Back 23

a classification, such as race, religion, or national origin, that triggers strict scrutiny by the courts when a law or gov action potentially discriminates against members of the class.

Front 24

white primary 150.

Back 24

a state primary election that restricted voting to whites only; outlawed by the supreme court in 1944.