Political Science

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Partido Revolucionario Institucional (PRI)

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Founded 1929 to consolidate power of central government and to cut down on violence. Was major party for many years, until the vote share started to decline in the 1980’s. 2006 election – madrazo (pri candidate) lost to PAN candidate.

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Partido Accion Nacional (PAN)

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established 1939 in reaction to leftist policies in pri. Center-right ideology. Currently in control of government with candidate felipe calderon.

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Partido de la revolucion democratic (PRD)

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split from PRI party, fought with PAN in the most recent election

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NAFTA

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north American free trade agreement, all countries of north America benefit from free trade. positive net impact on Mexico, but hasn’t reduced income gap between US and Mexico; increased unauthorized immigration; Mexican economy more dependent on remittances; problems for Mexican workers

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Narco-violence

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violent acts associated with drugs, drugs smuggled from mexico to united states. Police force highly corruptible.

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Patron client relationships

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divided up political demands; created conflict between sectors. Unionized workers separated from nonunion workers. Highly fragmented competition within classes.

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Divided government

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the majority power in congress differs from the president’s party. Congress was unlikely to agree with the president or follow his dictates.

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Felipe calderon

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current president of mexico, head of state and government. PAN party elected in 2006. Beat out the PRD and PRI candidates

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Vicente fox

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mexico’s president from 2000-2006; PAN party.

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Corruption

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police officials are highly corruptible in mexico, drug cartels.

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2000 and 2006 elections

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winners: Vicente fox in 2000, felipe calderon in 2006, both PAN party. 2000 election saw the power shift from PRI to PAN

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Presidencialismo

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a term used to connote the powers in the hands of the president, incumbents frequently abuse these powers in pursuit of personal and political ends

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Mexican congress

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bicameral, upper and lower house. Upper – senate, 128 members. Handles foreign affairs. Lower – chamber of deputies, 500 members. Handles fiscal legislation.

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Federalist vs. unitary government

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federalism is a type of government where power is decentralized by means of a local government that has its own power. Local governments have constitutions by jurisdiction. Unitary government is centralized due to the power of the president. Local governments are controlled by the central government

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Bonner’s argument

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bonner gave several examples on how to defeat the drug cartels in mexico; destroy the drug cartels physically, campaigns against them must include more than one country, divide and conquer(defeat one cartel at a time)

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Authoritarian vs. democratic regimes

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democratic regimes include public voting in elections, which directly affect which candidates are to be placed in office. Authoritarian regimes characterize submission to authority, concentrated on a small group of politicians.

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Soviet union

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the socialist regime set in place after the Bolshevik revolutions in 1922. Led by Vladimir lenin.

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Bureaucracy

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an organization of non-elected officials of a government or organization who implement the rules, laws, and functions of their institution

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Runoff election

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two-round system, first round winners are put on another ballot to be voted on again, this time for a true winner.

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Single-member plurality districts (SMPD)

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“first past the post, winner takes all” person with most votes wins.

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Political culture

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defines the public’s expectations toward the political process and its role within the process. Includes citizen’s orientation at 3 levels: political system, political policymaking process, and policy outputs and outcomes.

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Bill of rights

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the first 10 amendments of the US constitution, unalienable rights that every citizen is entitled to.

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Political action committee (PAC)

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any organization that is not formally affiliated with a particular party or candidate and spends money to influence the outcome of elections.

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American exceptionalism

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refers to how American is exceptionally different from other countries. How closely the ameican system resembles other systems, how it differs, how it is unique,

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Direct primaries

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primary elections are how candidates are elected for the upcoming general elections.

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Democratic and republican parties

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democratic parties are more leftist central whereas republicans are rightist central. Democratic parties are more open to social issues, whereas republicans are more interested in conservative policies and family values.

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Two party system

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a system where two political parties compete for majority, it is almost guaranteed that one of the two parties will secure majority. United states has this system.

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Checks and balances

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a system that is in place to ensure that one branch of government does not become too powerful. Executive vs. legislative vs. judicial

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Presidential vs. parliamentary democracy

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a presidential democracy has both head of state and head of government positions filled by a president. A parliamentary has its head of state filled by the president and the head of government is the prime minister.

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Separation of powers

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the government is divided into branches to separate powers, executive, legislative, and judiciary.

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Melting pot vs. patchwork quilt

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melting pot blends all different cultures of immigrants into one uniquely American culture, which uses English as its language. Patchwork quilt is an array of languages, history, customs, and values of each nation’s ethnic groups.

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Judicial review

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is the doctrine under which legislative and executive actions are subject to review (and possible invalidation) by the judiciary. This is an example of separation of powers.

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Electoral college

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president is indirectly elected through electoral college, each state has a rep and the majority winner of the state is voted on by the electoral college.

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Party cohesion

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denotes the degree to which the members of a legislative party vote together on issues of public policy.

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Voting rights act of 1965

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gave blacks the right to vote, now all citizens of the united states were able to partake in elections

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Arizona immigration law

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U.S. federal law requires all aliens over the age of 14 who remain in the United States for longer than 30 days to register with the U.S. government, and to have registration documents in their possession at all times. The Arizona Act additionally makes it a state misdemeanor crime for an alien to be in Arizona without carrying the required documents, requires that state law enforcement officers attempt to determine an individual's immigration status during a "lawful stop, detention or arrest" when there is reasonable suspicion that the individual is an illegal immigrant, bars state or local officials or agencies from restricting enforcement of federal immigration laws, and cracks down on those sheltering, hiring and transporting illegal aliens.

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13th amendment

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13th amendment abolished slavery and involuntary servitude.

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14th amendment

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14th amendment defines citizenship, contains the Privileges or Immunities Clause, the Due Process Clause, the Equal Protection Clause, and deals with post-Civil War issues.

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15th amendment

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15th amendment prohibits the denial of suffrage based on race, color.

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19th amendment

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19th amendment established women’s suffrage

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22nd amendment

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22nd amendment limits the president to 2 terms

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25th amendment

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25th amendment defines presidential procession.

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Semipresidentialism

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a form of government where a president and prime minister both participate in day-to-day administration.

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Duverger’s law

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states that there is a systematic relationship between electoral systems and party systems, so that plurality single-member district election systems tend to create two party systems.

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Proportional representation

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country is divided into few large districts, which may elect as many as twenty or more members. The parties offer lists of candidates for slot in each district. The number of representatives that a party wins depends on the overall proportion of the votes it receives

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Interest groups

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refers to any voluntary association that seeks to publicly promote and create advantages for its cause.

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Political socialization

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involves families, schools, communication media, churches, and all the various political structures that develop, reinforce, and transform the political culture, the attitudes of political significance in society.

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Confidence relationship

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Corporatist vs. pluralist interest group systems

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Mexican-american war

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