Chapter 2 Basic Exercise Science

Front 1

Kinetic chain

Back 1

Combinatino of interrelation of the nervous system, skeletal, and muscular systems

Front 2

Nervous system

Back 2

Large groups of cells that forms nerves providing communication networks within the body

Front 3

Sensory Function

Back 3

Ability of the nervous system to sense changes in either internal or external environments

Front 4

Integrative Function

Back 4

Ability of nervous system to analyze and interpret sensory information allowing proper decision making.

Front 5

Motor Function

Back 5

Neuromuscular response to sensory information.

Front 6

Neuron

Back 6

Functional unit of the nervous system

Front 7

Sensory (afferent)neurons

Back 7

Neurons that transmit nerve impulses from effector sites to the brain or spinal cord.

Front 8

Interneurons

Back 8

Neurons that transmit impulses from one neuron to another.

Front 9

Motor (efferent) neurons

Back 9

Neurons that transmit nerve impulses from the brain or spinal cord to the effector sites.

Front 10

Central Nevous System

Back 10

brain and spinal cord and serves mainly to interpret information

Front 11

Peripheral Nervous system

Back 11

Cranial and spinal nerves that spread throughout the body & serve to relay information from organs to the brain and viceversa

Front 12

Mechanoreceptors

Back 12

Sensory receptors responsible for sensing distortionin bodily tissues.

Front 13

Muscle spindles

Back 13

Fibers sensitive to change in lenght of the muscle and rate of that change.

Front 14

Golgi tendon organs

Back 14

Organs sensitive to change in tension of the muscle and the rate of change

Front 15

joint receptors

Back 15

Receptors sensitive to pressure, accelaration, and decelaration in the joint.

Front 16

tendons

Back 16

attach muscles to bone and provide anchor

Front 17

muscles

Back 17

tissue of consisting of long cells that contract when stimulated to produce motion

Front 18

neurotransmitters

Back 18

chemical messengers that transmit electrical impulses from nerve to muscle

Front 19

Muscular system

Back 19

series of muscles commanded by nervous system to move skeletal system

Front 20

Sacomere

Back 20

functional unit of muscle that produces muscular contraction

Front 21

Neural Activator

Back 21

contraction of a muscle generated by communication between nervous & muscular system

Front 22

Skeletal system

Back 22

Body's frame ( bones and joints)

Front 23

bones

Back 23

Hard connective tissue that creates a skeletal framework

Front 24

joints

Back 24

movable places where two or more bones meet

Front 25

Axial skeleton

Back 25

skull, rib cage and vertebral column

Front 26

Appendicular skeleton

Back 26

portion of the skeletal system that includes the upper and lower extremities

Front 27

Depresion

Back 27

flattened or indented portion of bone, which can be a muscle attachment site

Front 28

Process

Back 28

projection protruding from bone where muscles, tendons, and ligaments can attach

Front 29

Arhrokinematics

Back 29

movement of the joints

Front 30

Synovial joints

Back 30

joints held together by a joint capsule & ligaments and are most associated with movement in the body.

Front 31

nonsynovial joints

Back 31

joints that do not have joint cavity, connective tissue or cartilage

Front 32

ligaments

Back 32

connective tissue that connects bone to bone

Front 33

Kind of muscle fibers that are "fast twitch"

Back 33

Type II

Front 34

Characteristics of Type I muscle fibers

Back 34

more capillaries, increased oxygen delivery, smaller in size, less force to produce and slow to fatigue

Front 35

Motor unit

Back 35

motor neuron and all of the muscles fibers it innervates