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37 Cards in this Set
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Normative- Political Analysis |
Asks value questions |
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Empirical- Political Analysis |
Focuses on observable phenomena |
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Semantic- Political Analysis |
Concerned with meaning and origin of concepts |
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Power |
the ability to make others do something that they would not have chosen to do. |
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Authority |
legitimate power, in the sense that the individual or group exercising it is regarded as having the right to do so. |
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sovereign |
the principle of self-government, to say a state is sovereign is to claim that it has a monopoly of force over the people and institutions in a given territorial area. |
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civil society |
the community of citizens |
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realist |
a school of thought in the human scientists. Refers to a general approach that takes concepts such as power politics and national interest to be the foundation of action. |
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governance |
reflects the broader nature of modern government which includes not just the traditional institutions of government but also the many other factors that ma influence the decisions that steer society, and the role of interest groups. |
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proportional representation |
any of the various voting systems designed to achieve a close approximation to the number of votes received by each party and the number of seats into which those totals translate in parliament. |
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Typology of States : Scale of inervention NON INTERVENETIONALIST |
•Night-watchman state• Providesecurity and protection• Allow economyto function unhindered• Critical oflarge bureaucracy • Protectindividual freedoms; valorizes individual responsibility• Prefers localgovernment |
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Typology of States: Interventionist |
• Welfare State• Providesocial safety net; assist people to achieve goals• Universalhealth care; state pensions; public education; unemployment benefits•Responsibility for well-being of others
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Liberal Democracies |
elections free and fair; universal suffrage; high degree of freedom; rights protected
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Illiberal Democracies |
elections not as fair; less protection for rights and liberties; state interference / control of media
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Authoritarian regimes |
absence of elections; rulers lack accountability; rights and freedoms not protected
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PLURALISM |
Complex societies composed of thousands of groups
Kinds of interest groups Power is fragmented Nobody wins all the time; everyone has some influence |
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ELITISM |
Unified elite controls government, economy and military
Competition still occurs – but only where elite is uninterested Michels’ “iron law of oligarchy” |
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ELITE PLURALISM |
•Admission that elites exist and are influential
• But thinks elites are not unified and compete against one another • Politics is made up of multiple hierarchies |
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MARXISM |
Thinks society is dominated by single, self-interested group
Main source of elite power is control of economic resources State functions to manage the interests and affairs of the bourgeoisie. State is not neutral. |
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THE NEW RIGHT |
Critical of bloated size of state and outlook of pluralists
Thinks competitive electoral politics leads to unwise promises Tendency is for state to get bigger and bigger Groups too powerful compared to government |
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Power |
the ability to make others do something that they would not have chosen to do. |
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Authority |
Legitimate Power, in the sense that the individual or group exercising it is regarded as having the right to do so. |
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Webers Typology of Authority TRADITIONAL AUTHORITY |
based onlong-standing customs and values |
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CHARASAMATIC AUTHORITY |
personal traits of leader; highly motivating and convincing ded); storage=
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LEGAL RATIONAL AUTHORITY |
based on status of office holder relative to constitutional rules |
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Faces of Power |
1- DIRECT ACTION- I make you do something you wouldn't otherwise do 2- NON-DECISION MAKING- What has kept off the agenda- out of the public eye and out of the news- less controversial matters- less scrutiny. 3- PERCEPTION VS REALITY- determining what people think. The content of what they think. People don't understand what their true interests, so they know what is good for them. |
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Democracy- |
-DIRECT- making decisions by one's self - REPRESENTATIVE- making decisions through someone else. |
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THEORIES OF DEMOCRACY |
•Democratic elitism (Joseph Schumpeter) / protective theory (Anthony Downs) • Role of elites is significant and inevitable
• Mass, direct participation is unrealistic and undesirable • Downs: people want to maximize their utility – most benefit for least cost • How much control to elites have? Comparing Schumpeter and Downs • Criticisms…. |
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Participatory Democracy |
the revival of democratic ideal - Participation regarded as desirable and enriching |
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Deliberate Democracy |
participatory itself not enough |
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Political Ideology |
Ideologiesdescribe the present, offer a future-oriented vision, and an action plan.
Externallyand internally contested Theyreflect historical conditions Ideologiesand the Enlightenment- |
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Classical Liberalism |
Rooted in individualist philosophies
Core values Protectionof individual Propertyrights, rule of law Limitedgov’tintervention - -Liberty Tolerance |
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Negative Liberty |
Definedas an absence of interference“Sphereof inviolability”
“Opportunityconcept” of freedom¡Doesfreedom require action? Compatiblewith undemocratic regimesValorizationof free markets |
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Modern Liberalism |
Five-point critique of "market fundamentalism" Uncompetitive monopolies Greater extremes in business cycles Negative externalities Too few public goods Distribution of wealth too unequal Core Values Equality of opportunity Individual freedom and rights Safety of individuals and population |
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Conservatism |
Emerged as a response to liberalism and the Enlightenment
Critique of abstract principles Core values: Tradition, Moderation, Duty, Honour, Skepticism toward change |
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Modern Conservatisms: Social and Cultural Conservatism |
Significant moral component Religion, tradition, family values, “one nation” Views secular liberalism as amoral |
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Neoconservatism |
- Mixesclassical liberalism with social/cultural conservatism - Main Operating Principles Patriotism State sovereignty against international institutions Knowing friends from enemies America’s special place |
