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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Disturbance
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Dispute in public relating to arguments between people, neighbors shouting at each other, public bar fights.
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Domestic Disturbance
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-Dispute involving 2 or more people engaged in an intimate relationship
-Problems between adults, children, elderly parents -Usually occur in same-sex relationships |
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Domestic Violence
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-Apprx. 578,000 non-violent crimes committed against persons by their spouses, girl/boyfriends (NCVS)
-(13%) Wives experience some form of domestic violence -Usually spousal or child violence |
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Order Maintenance & Peacekeeping
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-Main role for police; resolve problems that exist
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Citizen Expectations in Non-Crime Incidents (MYER)
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1) Maintain Social Boundaries = remove someone not belonging.
2) Relieve Unpleasant Situations = call for noises, arguments, disturbances. 3) Counterpunching = diverting attention away from a person's behaviors. 4) Obtain Services = emergencies, missing persons. |
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Drunk Driving Crackdowns
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-Started in 1980's
-Raised legal drinking age to 21 -Random stops, checks -Small % of drivers actually drive drunk -Anti-drunk-driving programs |
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Calling Police
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-Many victims do not call
-Female victims call (62%) -Low-income call more -Non-white females call more -Middle-class females turn to private sources -MOST DO NOT CALL BECAUSE IT IS A PRIVATE MATTER |
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Police Options in Handling Domestic Disturbances
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-Arrest
-Mediation -Separate parties from each other -Refer to social services -No action taken -Police often ask a person to cease all illegal behavior at first |
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Bruno v. Codd (1978)
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-Women's group had been denied equal protections of law by failing to arrest persons involved in committing assault (domestic violence)
-Lead to NYC police POLICIES mandating arrest in cases of felonious assaults |
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Impact of Arrest on Domestic Violence
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-Many people believe arrests DETER domestic violence
-Date = arrests have different impacts/effects on different people. |
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Minneapolis Domestic Violence Experiment
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-ARRESTS produce LOWER RATES of repeat violence
-Re-arrest percentages when... = Arrested (10%) Mediated (19%) Separated (24%) |
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Omaha Domestic Violence Research
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-NO DETERRENT EFFECT found when arresting
-ARRESTS appeard to ESCALATE violence among unemployed |
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Policing Homeless (Problems)
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-Homeless flock to camps
-Resist transportation to shelters -Sleep in stations/subways -REACTIVE policing for complaints about homeless people -Police attempt to contain homeless to one area in order to minimize disorder & out of public view -PROACTIVENESS is used by the "CSO's" in some agencies |
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Policing Juveniles
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-Greater emphasis on LAW ENFORCEMENT
-Conflicting policing responsibilities -Specialized Juvenile Units; investigations, arrests, court cases |
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Black & Reiss Research
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-72% encounters between police and juveniles were INITIATED by PHONE CALL
-Officers contact at higher rates than adults -Higher Arrest Rates; African American juveniles involvement in crime. |
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Piliavin & Briar Research
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-African American juveniles express hostility towards police more often
-"Self-fulfilling" consequences of original set of police attitudes & behavior toward black offenders. -Police expect black juveniles to engage in more law-breaking situations |
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Handling Mentally Ill
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1) Hospitalization
2) Arrests 3) Informal Disposition (75% - most common) -Officers have been inadequately trained, traditionally -Recognize mental disorders -"Baker Act" -Commitment procedures -Rights of Mentally Ill |
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Police Executive Research Forum (PERF)
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-Sponsors research
-National membership organization of progressive police executives -Improving policing and advancing professionalism |
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Old/New Problems Handling Mentally Ill
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1) Problems = ARRESTING/FORCE mentally ill persons
2) Officers are provided several options that fit needs of mentally ill; 24-hour responses 3) Link mentally ill with community services and programs 4) Services take place in police locations |
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Policing People with HIV/AIDS
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-Risk of infection
-Officer potential for exposure is higher than most -Agencies keep records of infected -HIV/AIDS education provided |
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D.A.R.E.
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Drug Abuse Resistance Education; (71%) of all P.D.'s offer drug education
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Race Descrimination
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-African American arrested more than whites
-Patrols assigned to more minority neighborhoods -Observe African American youth more frequently -Blacks ARRESTED at HIGHER RATES = RACIAL DISPARITY |
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Vice Offenses
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-Prostitution
-Victimless Crimes -Streetwalkers -Bar Girls -Skeezers -Brothels -Call Girls |
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Alcohol-Related Arrests
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-Reduces probability of catching other drunk drivers
-Time-consuming event -Takes 1 or more officers -Takes 1-4 HOURS -Unable to make further arrests or deter drunk drivers -Difficult to sustain -Reduces level of arrest activity |
