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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the factors affecting the formulation of Chinese foreign policy?
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• National Interests: Prosperity, Security, and territorial integrity
• Capabilities: Economic power, military power, soft power • History |
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Who are the key players in formulating China’s foreign policy?
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• Paramount Leader, Politburo and its standing Committee, CCP Foreign Affairs Leading Small Group, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Commerce, CCP International Liaison Department, People’s Liberation Army, Xinhua News Agency, Chinese People’s Association for Friendship with Foreign Countries.
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What have China’s relations with the superpowers been since 1949?
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1950s: “Leaning to One Side (the USSR)”
• Korean War • War on Taiwan • Bandung Conference of 1955: Pancha Sheela or Five Principles o Mutual respect for each other’s territorial integrity o Nonaggression o Noninterference in each other’s internal affairs o Equality and mutual benefit o Peaceful coexistence. 1960s: Confronting Both Superpowers • Sino-Indian War of 1962 • Isolation during the Cultural Revolution • Conflicts with the USSR in 1969 1970s: Rapproachment with the US • Replacing Taiwan’s seat in the US and its Security Council in 1971 • Nixon’s visit to China in Feb 1972: Shanghai Communique • Est of formal diplomatic relations with the US on Jan 1, 1979: o Joint Communique on the Est of Diplomatic Relations o Taiwan Relations Act • Punitive War on Vietnam |
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How about its relations with other countries in Asia? In particular, what is China’s Asian strategy?
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China and Asia
• Economically, Asia is the most important destination for Chinese exports and investments • Security wise, China shares land borders with 14 Asian countries • Politically, Asia is home to major powers such as China, Japan, India, and advanced economics such as South Korea and Singapore. To build stable environment in Asia that permits rapid Chinese economic growth to continue and supports increase in Chinese influence. China’s dilemma is finding a way to reconcile the rest of Asia to a dominant Chinese regional role without antagonizing the US or destabilizing the region. |
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What are the “New Security Concept” and the ASEAN way?
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Chinas “new security concept” reformulation of the five principles of peaceful coexistence that calls for mutually beneficial cooperation on the basis of equality, mutual respect, non-interference in internal affairs of other countries, and resolution of conflicts through dialogue.
ASEAN way emphasizing decision making by consensus, respect for national sovereignty, non-interference with internal affairs and a gradual pace to security cooperation |
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What are the sources of Chinese power in Asia?
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Sources of Chinese power in Asia:
• Economic power o Rapid economic growth and increasing economic ties with Asia is most important o Changes in Asian dependence on china market reflect… the shift of export production from other East Asian economies to tap inexpensive Chinese labor the Chinese domestic markets appetite for imports from Asia • Military power o Development, procurement, and fielding of new weapons systems and capabilities o Institutional and systemic reforms to improve the professionalism and quality of Chinese military personnel o Development of new war-fighting doctrines for employing new capabilities • Soft power o Increasing contact between Chinese citizens and people in other countries o Appeals to cultural and linguistic affinities o Attempts with little success to build internationally recognized brand names o Chinas economic success = new model of development |
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U.S.-China-Taiwan triangular relations: history
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Chinese Civil War…
• KMT was defeated by CCP • CCP est PRC in 1949 • KMT moved to Taiwan Cross-Strait Relations • Hostility from 1949 to 1979 • China launched peace offensive in 1979. • Taiwan lifted ban on visitation by its citizens to China in 1987. • Missile Crisis in 1995 – 1996 • Strained political Relations between the two sides since the missile crisis. • Political tensions eased after Taiwan’s presidential election of 2008 • Close economic ties across the Taiwan Strait. |
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US-Taiwan Relations
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US-Taiwan Relations
• Taiwan was supported by the US, and maintained formal diplomatic relations with it until January 1, 1979. • Under the Taiwan Relations Act (TRA) passed by Congress in April 1979, the US maintained close informal ties with Taiwan. The American Institute in Taiwan was set up to represent US interests in Taiwan. Taiwan also established Taipei Economic and Cultural Representative Office in Washington, D.C. • TRA: Provides Taiwan with arms of defense |
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US-China Relations
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US-China Relations
• Hostility in early years. • Under Nixon, both sides began to approach each other • China replaced Taiwan’s seat in the UN and Security Council in 1971. • President Nixon visited China in February 1972, signed Shanghai Communique • Formal diplomatic ties established on January 1, 1979. • US played China card until collapse of Soviet Union • Relations cooled down after the Tiananmen Square Incident of 1989, but improved a couple years afterward. • Shanghai Communique: acknowledges one China and Taiwan as part of China, reaffirms interest in a peaceful settlement of the Taiwan question by the Chinese themselves. |
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Issues between China and Taiwan
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Major Issues in the Conflict between China and Taiwan
• In early days, it was ideological conflict between a Communist China and an anticommunist Taiwan • Since late 1970s and early 1980s, gradually became the conflict of competing nationalisms. Declining Salience of Ideology • Economic reform in China results in the declining salience of the Communist ideology. • Taiwan also reduces its anticommunist rhetoric. Competing Nationalisms • China maintains that there is but one China and Taiwan is an integral part of it. • In Taiwan, people hold different positions on the national identity issue: o Independence: De jure independence o Status Quo: De facto independence o Unification |
