Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
94 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
5 frontal lobe syndromes
|
orbitofrontal
frontal convexity medial frontal massive lesion Broca's aphasia |
|
|
orbitofrontal syndrome p/w
|
disinhibition
impulsivity |
|
|
frontal convexity syndrome p/w (2)
|
apathy
aggressive behavior |
|
|
medial frontal syndrome p/w (3)
|
mutism
gait disturbance urinary incontinence |
|
|
massive frontal lesion p/w (2)
|
akinesis
abulia |
|
|
3 parietal lobe syndromes
|
Gerstmann
alexia with agraphia Balint |
|
|
Gerstmann syndrome is caused by lesion in ___
|
dominant angular or supramarginal gyrus
|
|
|
Gerstmann syndrome p/w (4)
|
agraphia
acalculia finger agnosia L-R confusion |
|
|
alexia with agraphia is caused by lesion in ___
|
dominant angular gyrus
|
|
|
Balint syndrome is caused by lesion in ___
this happens in context of ___ |
b/l occipito-parietal cortex
watershed infarct |
|
|
Balint syndrome p/w (4)
|
optic ataxia
ocular apraxia visual inattention simultagnosia |
|
|
3 Temporal lobe syndromes
|
Prosopagnosia
Klüver-Bucy Wernicke's aphasia |
|
|
prosopagnosia is caused by lesion in ___
|
nondominant or b/l temporo-occipital cortex
|
|
|
Klüver-Bucy syndrome is caused by lesion in ___
|
b/l medial temporal lobes
|
|
|
3 occipital lobe syndromes
|
anton syndrome
palinopsia alexia without agraphia |
|
|
anton syndrome is caused by ___ lesion and pw ___ (2)
|
b/l parieto-occipital
anosagnosia preserved pupillary reflexes |
|
|
palinopsia is caused by ___ (2) and pw ___
|
occipitotemporal lesion
recovery from cortical blindness persistence of prior retinal image while gazing at another |
|
|
alexia without agraphia is caused by ___ (2)
|
dominant occpital lobe lesion
splenium of corpus callosum |
|
|
2 deficits associated with alexia without agraphia
|
R homonymous hemianopia
color anomia |
|
|
3 syndromes of optic chiasm
|
anterior chiasm syndrome
body of chiasm syndrome posterior chiasm syndrome |
|
|
anterior chiasm syndrome pw ___ (2)
it is aka ___ |
ipsilateral monocular vision loss
contralateral superior temporal field cut junctional scotoma |
|
|
superior temporal field cut in anterior chiasm syndrome is caused by compression of ___ aka ___
|
contralateral inferior nasal fibers
Wilbrand knee |
|
|
body of chiasm syndrome pw ___
|
bitemporal hemianopia
|
|
|
posterior chiasm syndrome pw ___ or ___
|
bitemporal scotoma with intact peripheral field
contralateral homonymous hemianopia |
|
|
posterior chiasm lesion causes scotoma, i.e. ___, because ___
|
defect in macular vision
macular fibers decussate posteriorly |
|
|
3 non-movement-related deficits from BG lesion
|
impaired learning
abulia poor executive function |
|
|
5 midbrain syndromes
|
Claude's
Weber's Benedikt's top of basilar Parinaud's |
|
|
Claude syndrome has ___ (2)
|
CN3 palsy
contralateral ataxia |
|
|
ataxia in Claude's syndrome is due to ___ lesion
|
rubrospinal tract
|
|
|
Weber's syndrome has ___ (2)
|
CN3 palsy
contralateral hemiparesis |
|
|
hemiparesis in Weber's syndrome is due to ___ lesion
|
corticospinal
|
|
|
Benedikt's syndrome has ___ (3)
|
CN3 palsy
contralateral ataxia contralateral hemiparesis |
|
|
Parinaud's syndrome has ___ (6)
|
upgaze palsy
impaired convergence convergence retraction nystagmus light-near dissociation lid retraction skew deviation |
|
|
lid retraction in Parinaud is aka ___
|
Collier's sign
|
|
|
8 pontine syndromes
|
basis pontis
Millard-Gubler Foville Raymond Raymond-Cestani-Chenais Marie-Foix AICA locked-in |
|
|
3 basis pontis syndromes
|
ataxic hemiparesis
dysarthria-clumsy hand pure motor hemiparesis |
|
|
Millard-Gubler syndrome results from lesion in ___
structures affected are ___ (3) |
lateral ventral pons
fascicles of CN6 fascicles of CN7 CS tract |
|
|
Millard-Gubler syndrome presents with ___ (3)
|
ipsilateral peripheral CN6 palsy (no conjugate gaze palsy)
ipsilateral CN7 palsy contralateral hemiparesis |
|
|
Foville syndrome results from a ___ lesion in ___
structures affected are ___ (4) |
laterally extensive
medial ventral pons fascicles of CN6 fascicles of CN7 CS tract PPRF |
|
|
Foville syndrome presents with ___ (3)
|
ipsilateral CN6 palsy (with conjugate gaze palsy)
ipsilateral CN7 palsy contralateral hemiparesis |
|
|
Raymond syndrome results from a ___ lesion in ___
structures affected are ___ (3) |
non-laterally-extensive
medial ventral pons fascicles of CN6 CS tract |
|
|
Raymond syndrome presents with ___ (3)
|
ipsilateral abducens palsy
contralateral central facial palsy contralateral hemiparesis |
|
|
Raymond-Cestan-Chenais syndrome results from a lesion in ___
structures affected are ___ (3) |
rostral pons
medial lemniscus superior cerebellar peduncle supranuclear oculomotor tract |
|
|
Raymond-Cestan-Chenais syndrome presents with ___ (2)
|
ataxia
contralateral hypesthesia ipsilateral gaze palsy |
|
|
Marie Foix syndrome results from a lesion in ___
structures affected are ___ (3) |
lateral pons
middle cerebellar peduncle CS tract (basis pontis?) spinothalamic tract |
|
|
Marier Foix syndrome presents with ___ (2)
|
ipsilateral ataxia
contralateral hemiparesis contralateral ST hypesthesia |
|
|
locked-in syndrome results from a lesion in ___
structures affected are ___ (3) |
bilateral ventral pons
CS tract corticobulbar tract CN 6 fascicles |
|
|
locked-in syndrome presents with ___ (5)
|
quadriplegia
b/l facial palsy b/l abducens palsy dysarthria aphonia |
|
|
2 medullary syndromes
|
lateral
medial |
|
|
LMS is aka ___
|
Wallenberg
|
|
|
8 structures affected in LMS are ___ (3-1-3-1, medial to lateral, dorsal to ventral)
|
dorsal motor nucleus of 10
NTS CN8 descending autonomic fibers N Ambiguus spinal nucleus of 5 inferior cerebellar penduncle lateral spinothalamic tract |
|
|
LMS syndrome presents with ___ (6)
|
dysphagia
vertigo ataxia Horner's ipsi trigeminothalamic hypesthesia contra spinothalamic hypesthesia |
|
|
3 structures affected in LMS are ___
|
CN12 nucleus
pyramidal tract medial lemniscus |
|
|
MMS presents with ___ (4)
|
ipsilateral tongue deviation
contralateral hemiparesis contralateral ST hypesthesia contralateral DC hyepsthesia |
|
|
crossed motor hemiparesis is aka ___ and results from a lesion in ___
|
hemiplegia cruciata
inferior medulla |
|
|
hemiplegia cruciata presents with ___
|
ipsilateral arm weakness
contralateral leg weakness |
|
|
hydroxyamphetamine distinguishes ___ from ___ order Horner's syndrome
|
1st or 2nd
3rd |
|
|
tilting head ipsi/contra to weak side worsens diplopia in CN4 palsy
this is called ___ |
ipsi
Bielschowsky's sign |
|
|
modalities in CN7
|
GSA
GVE SVA SVE |
|
|
nervus intermedius contains ___ (3) fibers and joins with ___ fibers at ___
|
GSA
GVE SVA SVE geniculate ganglion |
|
|
8 branches of CN7 from proximal to distal
|
greater petrosal
n. to stapedius n. to auricular branch of X chorda tympani posterior auricular branch n. to digastric n. to stylohyoid facial n. proper |
|
|
CN7 deficits a/w hyperacusis localize to ___
|
the part proximal to the nerve to stapedius
|
|
|
Gradenigo syndrome is ___ (3)
it is caused by ___ which may result from ___ (3) |
CN6 palsy
CN7 palsy retro-orbital facial pain lesion at petrous apex OM mastoiditis nasopharyngeal Ca |
|
|
2 kinds of aberrant regeneration after Bell's palsy
|
crocodile tears
gustatory sweating |
|
|
crocodile tears is aka ___ (2)
|
gustatolacrimal reflex
Bogorad syndrome |
|
|
9 parameters to distinguish central from peripheral vertigo
|
intensity
duration position-dependency n/v direction of nystagmus nystagmus modulation by gaze fatiguability latency associated neuro sx |
|
|
central/peripheral vertigo is more intense
|
peripheral
|
|
|
central/peripheral vertigo is continuous
|
central
|
|
|
central/peripheral vertigo is position-dependent
|
peripheral
|
|
|
central/peripheral vertigo has worse n/v
|
peripheral
|
|
|
direction of vertigo in peripheral vertigo
|
horizontal, rotational
|
|
|
2 features specific for central nystagmus
|
can be vertical
can change direction |
|
|
central/peripheral vertigo has nystagmus affected by fixation
|
peripheral
|
|
|
nystagmus in peripheral vertigo does ___ with gaze fixation
|
dampens
|
|
|
central/peripheral vertigo has delay before nystagmus onset on provokation
|
peripheral
|
|
|
4 spinal cord syndromes
|
transverse myelopathy
Brown-Sequard anterior cord central cord |
|
|
3 categories of abnormalities for SC syndromes
|
motor
sensory reflexes |
|
|
motor abnormalities for transverse myelopathy
|
LMN weakness at level of lesion, UMN below
|
|
|
sensory abnormalities for transverse myelopathy
|
hyperesthesia/dysesthesia at level of lesion,
loss of all modalities 2-3 segments below |
|
|
reflex abnormalities for transverse myelopathy
|
hyporeflexia at level of lesion, hyperreflexia below
|
|
|
motor abnormalities for Brown-Sequard syndrome
|
LMN weakness at level of lesion
UMN weakness below |
|
|
sensory abnormalities for Brown-Sequard syndrome
|
ipsilateral hyperesthesia at level of lesion
ipsilateral loss of proprioception/fine touch/vibration below lesion contralateral loss of pain/temperature 2-3 segments below lesion |
|
|
reflex abnormalities for Brown-Sequard syndrome
|
ipsilateral hyporeflexia at level of lesion
ipsilateral hyperreflexia below |
|
|
motor abnormalities for anterior cord syndrome
|
LMN weakness at level of lesion
|
|
|
sensory abnormalities for anterior cord syndrome
|
pain/temperature hypesthesia
(preserved vibration/proprioception/fine touch) |
|
|
reflex abnormalities for anterior cord syndrome
|
hyporeflexia at level of lesion
|
|
|
motor abnormalities for central cord syndrome
|
weakness at level of lesion
|
|
|
sensory abnormalities for central cord syndrome
|
cape hypesthesia for pain/temperature
|
|
|
reflex abnormalities for central cord syndrome
|
hyporeflexia at level of lesion
|
|
|
main cause of anterior cord syndrome
|
ischemia from ASA insufficiency
|
|
|
symptoms common to cauda equina and conus medullaris syndromes
|
flaccid LE paralysis
saddle anesthesia urinary retention sphincter hypotonia diminished AJs LMN findings |
|
|
2 features of conus medullaris not present in cauda equina
|
UMN findings
symmetric deficits |
|
|
2 features of cauda equina not present in conus medullaris
|
asymmetric deficits
|
|
|
anterior choroidal stroke infarcts ___ (2)
it pw ___ (3) |
GPi
posterior limb of internal capsule contralateral hemiparesis contralateral hypesthesia homonymous hemianopia |
