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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Communication Techniques OARS |
Open ended questions Affirmations Reflect Summarizing |
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Open ended questions |
Do not ask question after question, even if they are open ended. People will tend to shorten their answers down to one or two Word answers as a result. Interjet more Reflections and questions. |
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Affirmations |
Directly supporting in affirming statements made by a person that are positive or moving that person towards positive change. |
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Relfect |
Reflections usually follow open-ended questions. After you've elicited a response from the person. This entails making a short statement. It is not a question. A question usually has an inflection in voice at the end where as a reflection has a flat tone or the pitch may go down at the end. Make the reflections and then wait for a response. |
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Summarizing |
Is a useful technique that is non-threatening, develop stress, and helps establish your understanding of what a person truly means. When done correctly, summarizing and paraphrasing opens up dialogue with the other person in a non-threatening, non-judgmental way. Another person that you are actively listening to them, trust will begin develop. Individuals are more likely to share feelings and speak more freely to people they feel can trust. Demonstrating to that individual that you have listened and heard them will foster such trust. |
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Five Foundational Principles of Motivational Interviewing |
-Develop discrepancy -Express empathy -Amplify ambivalence -Roll with resistance -Support self-efficacy |
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Develop Discrepancy |
Offender begins to think that there is something wrong with his decision or his behavior. Allow for focus on where he/she wants to be. There probationer, rather than the PO, should present the arguments for change. Change is motivated by a perceived discrepancy between present behavior and important personal goals or values. Discrepancy may be triggered by an awareness of and discontent with the cost of one's present course of behavior and by perceived advantages of behavior change. When a behavior is seen is conflicting with personal goals, change is more likely. |
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Express Empathy |
Relate to where a person is coming from. Through reflective listening, the PO seeks to understand the person's feelings and perspectives without judging, criticizing, or blaming. Acceptance is not the same thing as agreement or approval. You can accept and understand a person's perspective while not agreeing with or endorsing it. The crucial attitude is respectful listening to the person with a desire to understand his or her perspectives |
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Amplify Ambivalence |
Should I or shouldn't I? Ambivalence is accepted as a normal part of human experience and change rather than seeing as defensiveness. Reluctance to change behavior is to be expected semicolon otherwise a probationer would have changed before reaching the point of entering the justice system. Application means reviewing completed motives because there are benefits and costs associated with both sides of the conflict. |
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Roll With Resistence |
Direct argument may press the person in the opposite direction that he or she is cause to defend. With M.I. the PO turns a question or problem back to the person. It is not the PO's job to provide all the answers and generate all the solutions. Doing so, in fact, invites the person to find the flaws in each idea. M.I. assumes people are capable of insight and ideas for the solutions of their own problems. Rolling with resistance includes involving the person actively in the process of problem solving. Consider that you, the officer, may need to try a different approach to achieve change with the probation. Brainstorm. |
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Support Self-Efficacy |
Refers to a person's belief in his or her ability to carry out and succeed with a specific task. Self-efficacy is a key element in motivation for change and is a good predictor of treatment outcome. The probationer, not the officer is responsible for choosing and carrying out change. Your own beliefs and expectations about a person's ability to change becomes a self-fulfilling prophecy. The goal is to enhance a person's confidence in their ability to cope with obstacles and to succeed. Encourage offenders believe that they can make a change. |
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Benefits of Motivational Interviewing |
Power struggle is avoided Offender is given a voice in the decision Responsibility for changes left with the offender Offender owns and makes a greater commitment to the change process |
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Creating Discrepancy to Develop Ambivalence |
You know you've been effective when the probationer: -Voices problem recognition -Expresses concern -Offers direct or implied intention to change |
