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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Interface
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Occurs on spinal cord between two systems
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Spinal Nerves
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Are enclosed by vertebrae with spinal openings known as intervertebral foremana
there are 31pairs |
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Spinal Nerves (names)
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based on the vertebrae
Cervical Thoracic Lumbar sacral coccygeal |
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Spinal Nerves names exact
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top 7 named after vertebrae below it afterwards named after vertebrae above.
c 1-8 t 1-12 L 1-5 s 1-5 c sub x 1 |
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Formation of spinal nerver
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There are roots - both dorsal and ventral - atached to spinal chord
Spinal nerves where the roots come together to form one rami - where the spinal nerves separate - seperates into dorsal and ventral ramus |
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Roots
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separated based on function
Dorsal root - only contains sensory Neurons coming into CNS Ventral root - only contains motor neurons coming out of CNS |
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Rami
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Separated based on where information is going.
Dorsal Ramus - services the dorsal side of trunk, skin of the back ventral Ramus - services everything else much thicker |
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Plexus
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An interconnected mesh or nerve net formed by the ventral rami
There are Cervical Plexus Brachial Plexus Lumbosacral Plexus |
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Cervical plexus
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formed by first 4 pairs of ventral rami
stimulates muscles and skins of the head neck and thorax |
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Brachial Plexus
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formed by ventral rami of C5-C8 and T1
stimulates muscles on the arms |
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Lumbosacral Plexus
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Formed by ventral rami of L1-L5 S1-S4
Stimulates the pelvic region and legs |
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Somatic Motor Neurons
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cell bodies are in the CNS and axons extend to the skelatal muscles using a single motor neuron no synapsing out of CNS
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Visceral Motor (autonomic)
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composed of two motor neurons
preganglionic neurons postganglionic neurons there is synapsing in the PNS surrounded by ganglia |
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Preganglionic Neurons
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Cell bodies are located in CNS in brainstem or lateral part of spinal chord gray matter
longer than postsynaptic neurons syanpse occures near gut |
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Postganglionic Neurons
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cell bodies in autonomic ganglia axon extends to effector organ
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PNS Classification (General Somatic Sensations)
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sensations felt by skin or muscles i.e. touch pain, pressure, temperature, joint movement, states of muscle contraction, information about states of body
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PNS Classification (General visceral sensations)
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sensations recieved by large areas of the gut: stress detection
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PNS Classification (Special Sensory somatic)
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information that is highly specialized and localized sensory receptors, vision hearing, sounds.
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PNS Classification (special visceral sensation)
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regions gut: taste
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PNS Classification (General somatic motor)
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skeletal muscles
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PNS Classification (General Visceral motor)
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Smooth muscles, glands
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PNS Classification (special visceral motor)
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Branchial muscles : derived from splancic mesoderm.
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Distribution of sensory receptors
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Exteroreceptors
enteroreceptors proprioreceptors |
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exteroreceptors
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located near suface near epidermis or dermis gives information about outside environment
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Enteroreceptors
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deper layers in layers of epithelium
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Propriorereceptors
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information about state of body i.e joint angles, muscle lengths
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types of receptors
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Free nerve endings
Encapsulated nerve endings |
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Free nerve endings
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pain and temperature receptors
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Encapsualted nerve endings
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capsules amplify appropriate stimuli, give better detection
Meisseners corpulscles pacinian corpuscles muscle spindles |
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Meisseners corpulscles
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located in dermis gives discrimination and fine touch allows for detection of numerous objets even when close
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pacinian corpuscles
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deeper than meisseners in hypodermis: ligiments detect pressure
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Muscle spindles
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found in skeletal muscles detect smount of stretch or muscle contraction
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somatic motor
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has motor endplates - huge ares of contact allow for better communication in skeletal muscl
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visceral motor
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no fitting of one cell into another
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