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119 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Criteria
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Standards, rules or tests on which a judgement or decision can be based or by which a project, service, result or process can be evaluated.
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Critical Chain Method
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A schedule method that allows the project team to place buffers on any project schedule path to account for limited resources and project uncertainites
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Critical Path
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The sequence of activities that respresents the longest path through a project, which determines the shortest duration.
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Critical Path Activity
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Any activity on the critical path in a project schedule.
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Critical Path Method (CPM)
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A method used to estimate the minimum project duration and determine the amount of scheduling flexibility on the logical network paths within the schedule model.
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Customer
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Customer is the person(s) or organization(s) that will pay for the project's product, service, or result. Customers can be internal or external to the performing organization.
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Customer Satisfaction
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Within the quality management system, a state of fullfillment in which the needs of a customer are met or exceeded for the customer's expected experiences as assessed by the customer at the moment of evaluation.
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Data Date
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A point in time when the status of the project is recorded.
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Data Gathering and Representation Techniques
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Techniques used to collect, organize and present data and information.
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Decision Tree Analysis
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A diagramming and calculation technique for evaluating the implications of a chain of multiple options in the presence of uncertainity.
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Decomposition
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A technique used for dividing and subdividing the project scope and project deliverables into smaller, more manageable parts.
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Defect
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An imperfection or deficiency in a project component where that component does not meet its requirements or specifications and needs to be either repaired or replaced.
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Defect Repair
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An intentional activity to modify a nonconforming product or product component.
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Define Activities
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The process of identifying and documenting the specific actions to be proformed to produce the project deliverables.
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Define Scope
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The process of developing a detailed description of the project and product.
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Deliverable
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Any uniques and verfiable product, result, or capability to perform a service that is required to be produced to complete a process, phase or project.
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Delphi Technique
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an information gathering technique used as a way to reach consensus of experts on a subject. Experts on the subject participate in the this technique anonymously. A facilitator uses a questionnaire to solicit ideas about the important project points related to the subject. The responses are summarized and are then recirculated to the experts for further comment. Consensus may be reached in a few rounds of this process. The Delphi technique helps reduce bias in the data and keeps any one person from having undue influence on the outcome.
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Dependancy Determination
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A technique used to indentify the type of dependancy that is used to create the logical relationships between the predecessor and the successor activities.
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Design of Experiments
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A statistical method for identifying which factors may influence specific variables or a product or process under development or in production.
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Determine Budget
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The process of aggregating the estimated costs of individual activities or work packages to establish an authorized cost baseline.
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Develop Project Charter
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The process of developing a document that formally authorizes the existence of a project and provides the project manager with the authority to apply organizational resources to project activities.
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Develop Project Management Plan
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The process of defining, preparing, and coordinating all subsidiary plans and integrating into a comprehensive project management plan.
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Develop Project Team
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The process of improving competencies, team member interaction and overal environment to enhance project performance.
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Develop Schedule
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The process of analyzing activity sequences, durations, resource requirements, and schedule constraints to create the project schedule model.
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Diagramming Techniques
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Approaches to presenting information with logical linkages that aid in understanding/
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Dictatorship
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A group descision-making technique in which one individual make the decision for the group.
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Direct and Manage Project Work
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The process of leading and performing the work defined in the project management plan and implementing approved changes to achieve the project's objectives.
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Discrete Effort
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An activity that can be planned and measured and that yields a specific output. [Note: Discrete effort is one of the three earned value management (EVM) types of activities used to measure work performance.
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Discretionary Dependancy
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A relationship that is established based on knowledge of best practices within a particular application area or an aspect of the where a specific sequence is desired.
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Document Analysis
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An elicitation technique that analyzes existing documentation and identifies information relevant to the requirements.
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Document Reviews
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The process of gathering a corpus of information and reviewing it to determine accuracy and completeness.
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Duration (DU or DUR)
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The total number of work periods (not including holidays or other nonworking periods) required to complete a schedule activity or work breakdown structure component. Usually expressed as workdays or workweeks. Sometime incorrectly equated with elapsed time. Contrast with effort.
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Early Finish Date (EF)
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In the critical path method, the earliest possible point in time when the uncompleted portions of a schedule activity can finish based on the schedule network logic, the data date, and any schedule constraints.
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Early Start Date (ES)
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In the critical path method, the earliest possible point in time when the uncompleted portions of a schedule activity can start based on the schedule network logic, the due date, and any schedule constraints.
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Earned Value (EV)
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The measure of work performed expressed in terms of the budgety authorized for that work.
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Earned Value Management
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A methodology that combines scope, schedule, and resource measurements to assess project performance and progress.
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Effort
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The number of labour units required to complete a schedule activity or Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) component, often expressed in hours, days or weeks.
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Emotional Intelligence
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The capability to identify, assess, and manage the personal emotions of oneself and other people, as well as the collective emotions of groups of people.
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Enterprise Environmental Factors (EEF)
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Conditions, not under the immediate control of the team, that influence, constrain, or direct the project, program or portfolio.
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Estimate
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A quantitative assessment of the like amount or outcome. Usually applied to project costs, resources, effort and durations and is usually preceded by a modifier (preliminary, conceptual, feasibility, order-of-magnitude, definitive). It should always include some indication of accuracy (eg. percent). See also budget and cost.
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Estimate Activity Durations
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The process of estimating the number of work periods needed to complete individual activities with estimated resources.
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Estimate Activity Resources
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The process of estimating the type and quantities of material, human resources, equipment or supplies required to perform each activity.
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Estimate at Completion (EAC)
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The total expected cost of completing all work expressed as the sum of the actual cost to date and the estimate to complete.
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Estimate Costs
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The process of developing an approximation of the monetary resources to complete project activities.
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Estimates to Complete (ETC)
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The expected cost to finish all the remaining project work.
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Execute
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Directing, managing, performing and accomplishing the project work; providing deliverables and providing work performance information.
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Executing Process Group
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Those processes performed to complete the work defined in the project management plan ot satisfy the project specifications.
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Expected Monetary Value (EMV) Analysis
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A statisical technique that calculates the average outcome when the future includes scenarios that may or may not happen. A common use of the is technique is within the decision tree analysis.
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Expert Judgment
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Judgment provided based upon expertise in an application area, discipline, industry... as appropriate for the activity being performed. Such expertise may be provided by any group or person with specialized education, knowledge, skill, experience or training.
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External Dependancy
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A relationship between project activities and non-project activities.
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Facilitated Workshops
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An elicitation technique using focused sessions that bring key cross-functional stakeholders together to define product requirements.
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Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA)
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An analytical procedure in which each potential failure mode in every component of a product is analyzed to determine its effect on the reliability of that component and, by itself or in combination with other possible failure modes, on the reliability of the product or system and on the required function of the component; or the examination of the product (at the system or lower levels) for all ways that a failure may occur. For each potential failure, an estimate is made of its effect on the total system and of its impact. In addition, a review is undertaken of the action planned to minimize the probability of failure to minimize its effects.
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Fallback Plab
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Fallback plans include an alternative set of actions and tasks available in the event that the primary plan needs to be abandoned because of issues, risks, or other causes.
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Fast Tracking
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A schedule compression technique in which activities or phases normally done in sequence are performed in parallel for at least a portion of their duration.
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Fee
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Represents profit as a component of compensation to a seller.
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Finish Date
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A point in time associated with a schedule activity's completion. Usually qualified by one of the following: actual, planned, estimated, scheduled, early, late, baseline, target, or current.
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Finish-to-Finish (FF)
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A logical relationship in which a successor activity cannot finish until a predecessor activity has finished.
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Finish-to-Start (FS)
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A logical relationship in which a successor activity cannot start until the predecessor activity has finished.
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Firm-Fixed-Price Contract
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A type of fixed price contract where the buyer pays the seller a set amount (as defined by the contact), regardless of the seller's costs.
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Fixed Formula Method
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An earned value method for assigning a specific percentage of budget value for a work package to the start milestone of the work package with the remaining budget value percentage assigned when the work package is complete.
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Fixed Price Incentive Fee Contract (FPIF)
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A type of contract where the buyer pays the seller a set amount (as defined by the contract) and the seller can earn an additional amount if the seller meets the defined performance criteria.
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Fixed Price with Economic Price Adjustment Contract (FP-EPA)
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A fixed-price contract, but with a special provision allowing for predefined final adjustments to the contract price due to changed conditions, such as inflation changes, or cost increases (or decreases) for specific commodities.
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Fixed-Price Contract
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An agreement that sets the fee that will be paid for a defined scope of work regardless of the cost or effort to deliver it.
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Flowchart
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The depicition in a diagram format of the inputs, process actions and outputs of one or more processes within a system.
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Focus Groups
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An elicitation technique that brings together prequalified stakeholders and subject matter experts to learn about their expectations and attitudes about a proposed product, service or result.
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Forecast
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An estimate or prediction of conditions and events in the project's future based on information and knowledge avaliable at the time of the forecast. The information is based on the project's past performance and expected future performance, and includes information that could impact the project in the future such as estimate at completion and estimate to complete.
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Forward Pass
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A critical path method technique for calculating the early start and early finish dates by working forward through the schedule model from the project start date or a given point in time.
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Free Float
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The amount of time that a schedule activity can be delayed without delaying the early start date of any successor or violating a schedule constraint.
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Functional Manager
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Someone with management authority over an organizational unit within a functional organization. The manager of any group the actually makes a product or performs a service. Sometimes called a line manager.
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Functional Organization
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A heirarchical organization where each employee has one clear superior and staff are grouped by areas of specialization and managed by a person with expertise in that area.
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Funding Limit Reconcilation
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The process of comparing the planned expenditure of project funds against any limits on the commitment of funds for the project to indentify any variances between the funding limits and the planned expenditures.
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Gantt Chart
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A bar chart of schedule information where activities are listed on the vertical axis, dates are shown on the horiontal axis and activity durations are shown as horizontial bars placed according to start and finish dates.
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Grade
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A category or rank used to distinguish items that have the same functional use (eg. Hammer) but do not share the same requirements for quality (eg different hammers may need to withstand different amounts of force)
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Ground Rules
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Expectations regarding acceptable behaviour by project team members.
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Group Creativity Techniques
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Techniques that are used to generate ideas within a group of stakeholders.
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Group Decision-Making Techniques
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Techniques to assess multiple alternatives that will be used to generate, classify and prioritize product requirements.
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Guideline
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An official recommendation or adivce that indicates policies, standards, or procedures for how something should be accomplished.
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Histogram
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A special form of bar chart used to describe the central tendency, dispersion and shape of a statistical distribution.
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Historical Information
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Documents and data on prior project files, records, correspondance, closed contracts and closed projects.
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Human Resoursce Management Plan
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A component of the project management plan that describes how the roles, responsiblities, reporting rleations and staff management will be addressed and structured.
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Idea/ Mind Mapping
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Technique used to consolidate ideas created through individual brainstorming sessions into a single map to reflect commonality and differences in understanding and to generate new ideas.
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Indentify Risks
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The process of determining which risks may affect the project and documenting their characteristics.
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Identify Stakeholders
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The process of identifying the people, groups, or organizations that could impact or be impacted by a decision, activity or outcome of the project; and analyzing and documenting relevant information regarding their interests, involvement, interdependencies, influence and potential impact on project success.
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Imposed Date
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A fixed date imposed on a schedule activity or schedule milestone, usually in the form of a "start no earlier than" and "finish no later than" date.
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Incentive Fee
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A set of financial incentives related to cost, schedule, or technical performance of the seller.
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Incremential Life Cycle
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A project life cycle where the project scope is generally determined early in the project life cycle, but time and cost estimates are routinely modified as the projects team's understanding increases. Iterations develop the product through a series of repeated cycles, while increments successively add to the functionality of the product.
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Independent Estimates
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A process of using a third party to obtain and analyze information to support prediction of cost, schedule, or other items.
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Influence Diagram
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A graphical representation of situations showing causal influences, time ordering of events and other relationships among variables and outcomes.
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Information Gathering Techniques
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Repeatable processes used to assemble and organize data across a spectrum of sources.
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Information Management Systems
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Facilities, processes and procedures used to collect, store and distribute information between producers and consumers of information in physical and electronic format.
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Initiating Process Group
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Those processes performed to define a new project or a new phase of an existing project by obtaining authorization to start the project or phase.
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Input
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Any item, whether internal or external to the project that is required by a process before that process proceeds. May be an output from a predecessor process.
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Inspection
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Examing or measuring to verify whether an activity, component, product, or service conforms to specific requirements.
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Inspections and Audits
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A process to observe performance of contracted work or a promised product against agreed-upon requirements.
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Interpersonal Skills
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Ability to establish and maintain relationships with other people.
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Interrelationship Digraphs
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A quality management planning tool, the interrelationship digraphs provide a process for creative problem-solving in moderately complex scenarios that possess intertwined logical relationships.
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Interviews
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A formal or informal approach to elicit information from stakeholders by talking to them directly.
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Invitation for Bid (IFB)
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Generally, this term is equivalant to request for proposal. However, in some application areas, it may have a narrower or more specific meaning.
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Issue
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A point or matter in question or in dispute, or a point or mater that is not settled and is under discussion or over which there are opposing views or disagreements.
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Issue Log
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A project document used to document and monitor elements under discussion or in dispute between project stakeholders.
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Iteratrive Life Cycle
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A project life cycle where the project scope is generally determined early in the project life cycle but time and cost estimates are routinely modified as the project team's understanding or the project increases. Iterations develop the project through a series of repeated cycles, while increments successively add to the functionality of the product.
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Lag
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The amount of time whereby a successor activity is required to be delayed with respect to a predecessor activity.
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Late Finish Date (LF)
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In the critical path method, the latest possible point in time when the uncompleted portions of a schedule activity can finish based on the schedule network logic, the project completion date, and any schedule constraints.
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Late Start Date (LS)
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In the critical path method, the lastest possible point in time when the uncompleted portions of schedule activity can started based on the schedule network logic, the project completion date, and any schedule constrants.
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Lead
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The amount of time whereby a successor activity can be advanced with respect to a predecessor activity.
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Lessons Learned
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The knowledge gained during a project which shows how project events were addressed or should be addressed in the future with the purpose of improving future performance.
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Lessons Learned Knowledge Base
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A store of historical information and lessons learned about both outcomes of previous project selection decisions and previous project performance.
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Level of Effort (LOE)
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An activity that does not produce definitive end products and is measured by the passage of time. [Note: Level of effort is one of the three earned valued management (EVM) types of activities used to measure work performance]
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Log
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A document used to record and describe or denote selected items during execution of a process or activity. Usually used with a modifier, such as issue, quality control, action or defect.
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Logical Relationship
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A dependancy between two activities, or between an activity and a milestone.
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Majority
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Support from more than 50 percent of the members of the group.
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Make-or-Buy Analysis
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The process of gathering and organizing data about product requirements and analyzing against alternatives including the purchase or internal manufacture of the product.
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Make-or-Buy Decisions
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Decisions made regarding the external purchase or internal manufacture of a product.
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Managing Communications
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The process of creating, collecting, distributing, storing, retrieving and the ultimate disposition of project information in accordance with the communications management plan.
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Manage Project Team
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The process of tracking team member performance. providing feedback, resolving issues, and managing team changes to optimize project performance.
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Manage Stakeholder Engagement
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The porcess of communicating and working with stakeholders to meet their needs/ expectations, address issues as they occur and foster appropriate stakeholder engagement in project activities throughout the project life cycle.
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Management Reserve
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An amount of the project budget withheld for management control purposes. These are budgets reserved for unforseen work that is within scope of the project. The management reserve is not included in the performance measurement baseline (PMB).
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Management Skills
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The ability to plan, organize, direct or control individuals or grops of people to achieve specific goals.
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Mandatory Dependency
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A relationship that is contractually required or inherent in the nature of the work.
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