Plants And Society Vocab Chapter 1-2 Levetin

Front 1

Angiosperms

Back 1

flowering plants

Front 2

A typical angiosperm flower consists of four whorls of parts...

Back 2

sepals, petals, stamens, and one or more carpels

Front 3

angiosperms are divided into two groups on the basis of structural and anatomical differences..

Back 3

monocots and dicots

Front 4

Diverse group of photosynthetic organisms that are found in marine and freshwater habitats where they serve as the base of food chains

Back 4

Algae

Front 5

Negative aspect of Algae

Back 5

environmental damage caused by algal blooms

Front 6

algal blooms

Back 6

sudden population explosions of certain algal species

Front 7

Provide many beneficial items such as penicillin, edible mushrooms, and, throught the process of fermentation, beer, wine, cheese, and leavened bread

Back 7

Fungi

Front 8

The most serious diseases of our crop plants are caused by..

Back 8

Fungi

Front 9

Nonphotosynthetic organism, obtaining their nourishment from decaying organic mater as saprobes or as parasites of living hosts.

Back 9

Fungi

Front 10

Ecologically....play an essential role as decomposers, recycling nutrients in the environment

Back 10

Fungi

Front 11

6 Fundamental Properties of Life

Back 11

Growth and Reproduction, Ability to Respond, Ability to Evolve and Adapt, Metabolism, Organized Structure, Organic Composition

Front 12

Sum total of all cemical reactions occuring in living organisms

Back 12

Metabolism

Front 13

Two of the most important metabolic reactions...

Back 13

cellular respiration and photosynthesis

Front 14

Most primitive types of Cells. No organized nucleus or other obvious membrane-bound structures.

Back 14

Prokaryotic Cells

Front 15

Cell in which the nucleus is clearly visible

Back 15

Eukaryotic Cell

Front 16

membrane-bound structure

Back 16

Organelles

Front 17

All living organisms are composed mainly of four types of compounds: "Chemicals of Life"

Back 17

Carbohydrates, protein, lipids, and nucleic acids

Front 18

three most important subatomic particles that make up an atom

Back 18

protons, electrons, neutons

Front 19

atomic number

Back 19

number of protons in the atomic nucleus

Front 20

atomic mass or mass number

Back 20

number of protons and neutrons in the atomic nucleus

Front 21

mass of protons and neutrons

Back 21

1 dalton (atomic weight unit)

Front 22

Isotopes

Back 22

atoms of an element with different mass numbers

Front 23

a combination of atoms

Back 23

molecules

Front 24

Any substance formed by two or more elements in a definite proportion

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compound

Front 25

Chemical bonds

Back 25

forces that hold atoms together

Front 26

Three common types of bonds:

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ionic, covalent, hydrogen

Front 27

When an atom gains or loses one or more electrons, it becomes a charged particle known as a ...

Back 27

ion

Front 28

the number of electrons lost or gained is specific for each element and is known as a ...

Back 28

valance

Front 29

bond in which electron pairs are shared between atoms of the same element, they are shared equally

Back 29

nonpolar covalent bond

Front 30

bond in which electons are shared between two atoms that differ in their ability to attract electrons, the electron are shared unequally

Back 30

polar covalent bond

Front 31

weak bonds, easily made and easily broken, but when they occur in number, they add stability to a molecule

Back 31

hydrogen bond

Front 32

....include sugars and starches as well as cellulose, are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

Back 32

Carbohydrates

Front 33

many...are sources of energy for cells while others serve as structual materials

Back 33

Carbohydrates

Front 34

smallest carbohydrates

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monosaccharides

Front 35

Two sugar molecules chemically bonded together

Back 35

disaccharide

Front 36

many thousands of sugar molecules bonded together

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polysaccharide

Front 37

all...have a common backbone with a nitrogen atom and two carbon atoms (N-C-C)

Back 37

Amino acids

Front 38

long chain of amino acids

Back 38

polypeptide

Front 39

diverse group of substances largely composed of only carbon and hydrogen

Back 39

Lipids

Front 40

Commonality between lipids

Back 40

insoluble in water

Front 41

...are composed of repeating units called nucleotides

Back 41

Nucleic Acids

Front 42

nucleotides consist of...

Back 42

sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogenous base

Front 43

two purine bases

Back 43

Adenine and guanine

Front 44

three pyrimidine bases

Back 44

thymine, cytosine, and uracil

Front 45

all of the plant enclosed by the cell wall

Back 45

protoplast

Front 46

first layer of a plant cell wall

Back 46

primary wall

Front 47

laid down internal to the primary wall

Back 47

secondary wall

Front 48

pathogen

Back 48

disease-causing agenst

Front 49

sticky layer

Back 49

middle lamella

Front 50

Composition and Primary function of carbohydrates

Back 50

composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. primary function: source of energy for cells and as structural materials

Front 51

Composition and Primary function of Proteins

Back 51

complex macromolecules composed of smaller molecuels known as amino acids (elements: Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur) Many functions: enzymes, structural materials, regulatory molecules, or transport molecules

Front 52

enzymes

Back 52

biological catlysts

Front 53

Composition and Primary function of Lipids

Back 53

largely composed of only carbon and hydrogen (small amounts of oxygen may occur in some lipids); insoluble in water. Include triglycerides (sources of energy), phospholipids (structural components of cell membranes), waxes, and steroids(horrmones).

Front 54

Composition and Primary function of Nucleic Acids

Back 54

contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Composed of repeating units called nucleotides (consist of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base)