Plant Test 1 Terms

Front 1

abaxial

Back 1

the side away from the axis

Front 2

achlorophyllous

Back 2

without chlorophyll as in plants or plant structures which are not green

Front 3

adaxial

Back 3

the side toward the axis

Front 4

adnate

Back 4

fusion of unlike parts as the stamens to the corolla

Front 5

alternate

Back 5

borne singly at each node as leaves on a stem, bore between rather than over other organs as stamens between the petals

Front 6

androecium

Back 6

all of the stamens in a flower collectively

Front 7

anemophilous

Back 7

wind pollinated producing windborne pollen

Front 8

angiosperm

Back 8

a plant producing flowers and bearing ovules in an ovary

Front 9

annual

Back 9

a plant which germinates from seed flowers sets seed and dies in the same year

Front 10

anther

Back 10

the expanded apical pollen bearing portion of the stamen

Front 11

anthocyanin

Back 11

water soluble pigments (blue, purple or red)

Front 12

apetalous

Back 12

without petals

Front 13

arcuate

Back 13

curved into an arch like a bow

Front 14

asepalous

Back 14

without sepals

Front 15

awn

Back 15

a narrow bristlelike appendage usually at the tip or dorsal surface

Front 16

basal

Back 16

positioned at or arising from the base as leaves arising from the base of the stem

Front 17

biennial

Back 17

a plant which lives 2 years usually forming a basal rosette of leaves the first year and flowers and fruits the second year

Front 18

bud

Back 18

an undeveloped shoot or flower

Front 19

caespitose

Back 19

growing in dense tufts

Front 20

calyx

Back 20

the outer perianth whorl, collective term for all of the sepals of a flower

Front 21

capitulum

Back 21

a small flower head

Front 22

carotene

Back 22

yellow, orange, or red fat soluble pigments

Front 23

carpel

Back 23

a megasorophyll a simple pistil formed from one modified leaf or the part of a compound pistil formed form one modified leaf. carpel number of a compound pistil is determined by counting the number of stigmas styles locules and placentae carpel number is indicated by whichever of these parts is found in the greatest number

Front 24

chasmogamous

Back 24

applied to flowers which open before fertilization and are usually cross-pollinated

Front 25

cleistogamous

Back 25

flowers which self-fertilize without opening

Front 26

connate

Back 26

fusion of like parts as the fusion of staminal filaments into a tube

Front 27

corm

Back 27

a short solid vertical underground stem with thin papery leaves

Front 28

corolla

Back 28

the collective name for all of the petals of a flower the inner perianth whorl

Front 29

culm

Back 29

a hollow or pithy stalk or stem as in the grasses sedges and rushes

Front 30

deciduous

Back 30

falling off as leaves from a tree not evergreen not persistent

Front 31

depauperate

Back 31

stunted or poorly developed usually due to adverse environmental conditons

Front 32

dicotyledonous

Back 32

with 2 cotyledons

Front 33

dioecious

Back 33

flowers imperfect the staminate and pistillate flowers borne on different plants

Front 34

disk flower

Back 34

a regular flower of the compositae (asteraceae)

Front 35

drupe

Back 35

a fleshy indehiscent fruit with a stony endocarp surrounding a usually single seed as in a peach or cherry

Front 36

emersed

Back 36

rising from or standing out of water

Front 37

entomophilous

Back 37

insect pollinated

Front 38

epiphyte

Back 38

a plant which grows upon another plant but does not draw food or water from it

Front 39

estipellate

Back 39

without stipels

Front 40

estipulate

Back 40

without stipules

Front 41

extrafloral

Back 41

outside of the flower

Front 42

filament

Back 42

a thread-like structure the stalk of the stamen which supports the anther

Front 43

floret

Back 43

a small flower an individual flower within a dense cluster as a grass flower in a spikelet or a flower of the compositae (asteraceae) in an involucrate head

Front 44

gametophyte

Back 44

the haploid gamete-producing generation of the plant reproductive cycle the reduced and inconspicuous portion of the life cycle in the vascular plants

Front 45

glabrous

Back 45

smooth hairless

Front 46

globose

Back 46

globe shaped sherical

Front 47

glume

Back 47

one of the paired bracts at the base of a grass spikelet a chaffy bract in the grasses or sedges

Front 48

grain

Back 48

a seed like structure as in the fruit of some rumex species a caryopsis

Front 49

gymnosperm

Back 49

plants producing seeds which are not borne in an ovary the seeds usually borne in cones

Front 50

gynoecium

Back 50

all of the carpels or pistils of a flower collectively

Front 51

herbaceous

Back 51

with the characteristics of an herb, not woody

Front 52

inferior

Back 52

attached beneath as an ovary that is attached beneath the point of attachment of the other floral whorls which appear therefore to arise from the top of the ovary

Front 53

inflorescence

Back 53

the flowering part of a plant a flower cluster the arrangement of the flowers on the flowering axis

Front 54

internode

Back 54

the portion of a stem between two nodes

Front 55

leaf

Back 55

an expanded usually photosynthetic organ of a plant

Front 56

leaflet

Back 56

a diversion of a compound leaf

Front 57

leaf scar

Back 57

the scar remaining on a twig after a leaf falls

Front 58

legume

Back 58

a dry dehiscent fruit derived from a single carpel and usually opening along two lines of dehiscence as a pea pod a plant belonging tot he leguminosae

Front 59

lemma

Back 59

the lower of the two bracts (lemma and palea) which subtend a grass floret often partially surrounding the palea

Front 60

lenticel

Back 60

a slightly raised somewhat corky often lens shaped area on the surface of a young stem

Front 61

liana

Back 61

a woody climbing vine

Front 62

ligulate

Back 62

with a ligule strap shaped

Front 63

ligule

Back 63

a strap shaped organ the flattened part of the ray corolla in the compositae (asteraceae) the membranous appendage arising from the inner surface of the leaf at the junction with the leaf sheath in many grasses and some sedges at tongue like projection borne at the base of the leaves above the sporangia in Isetes

Front 64

loment

Back 64

a legume which is constricted between the seeds

Front 65

monocarpic

Back 65

flowering and bearing fruit only one and then dying the term may be applied to perennials biennials or annuals

Front 66

monocotyledon

Back 66

plants with a single seed leaf or cotyledon

Front 67

monoecious

Back 67

flowers imperfect the staminate and pistillate flowers borne on the same plant

Front 68

nectar guides

Back 68

lines or spots often invisible except in ultraviolet light directing pollinators toward the nectaries

Front 69

neuter

Back 69

lacking functional stamens or pistils

Front 70

node

Back 70

the position on the stem where leaves or branches originate

Front 71

opposite

Back 71

borne across from one another at the same node as in a stem with two leaves per node borne over or on the same radius as other organs rather than between other organs as a stamen in front of a petal

Front 72

ovary

Back 72

the expanded basal portion of the pistil that contains the ovules

Front 73

ovulate

Back 73

of or pertaining to ovules producing ovulets

Front 74

ovule

Back 74

an immature seed the megasporangium and surrounding integuments of a seed plant

Front 75

palea

Back 75

a chaffy scale or bract the uppermost of the two bracts (lemma and palea) which subtend a grass floret often partially surrounded by the lemma

Front 76

perennial

Back 76

a plant that lives three or more years

Front 77

perianth

Back 77

the calyx and corolla of a flower collectively especially when they are similar in appearance

Front 78

petal

Back 78

an individual segment or member of the corolla usually colored or white

Front 79

petiolate

Back 79

with a petiole

Front 80

phloem

Back 80

the food conducting tissue of vascular plants bark

Front 81

pistil

Back 81

the female reproductive organ of a flower typically consisting of a stigma style and ovary

Front 82

pistillate

Back 82

bearing a pistil or pistils but lacking stamens

Front 83

pod

Back 83

any dry dehiscent fruit especially a legume or follicle

Front 84

pollen

Back 84

the mature miscrospores or developing male gametophytes of a seed plant produced in the microsporangium of a gymnosperm or in the anther of an angiosperm

Front 85

pollination

Back 85

the transfer of pollen form the anther tot he stigma

Front 86

prickle

Back 86

a small sharp outgrowth of the epidermis or bark

Front 87

pubescent

Back 87

covered with short soft hairs bearing any kind of hairs

Front 88

radiate

Back 88

with parts spreading from a central point in the compositae (asteraveae) with some of the flowers of the involucrate head ligulate (the petals united into a strap like corolla)

Front 89

ray flower

Back 89

a ligulate flower of the compositae (asteraceae)

Front 90

retrorse

Back 90

directed downward or backward

Front 91

rhizomatous

Back 91

rhizome like with rhizomes

Front 92

rhizome

Back 92

a horizontal underground stem rootstock

Front 93

riparian

Back 93

growing along the banks of streams springs or seeps

Front 94

runner

Back 94

a slender stolon or prostrate stem rooting at the nodes or at the tip

Front 95

sagittate

Back 95

arrowhead shaped with the basal lobes directed downward

Front 96

seed

Back 96

a ripened ovule

Front 97

sepal

Back 97

a segment of the calyx

Front 98

sessile

Back 98

attached directly without a supporting stalk as a leaf without a petiole

Front 99

shrub

Back 99

a woody plant

Front 100

simple

Back 100

undivided as a leaf blade which is not separated into leaflets (though the blade may be deeply lobed or cleft) single as a pistil composed of only one carpel unbranched as a stem or hair

Front 101

spikelet

Back 101

a small spike or secondary spike the ultimate flower cluster of grasses and sedges consisting or 1 many flowers subtended by two bracts (glumes)

Front 102

spine

Back 102

a stiff slender sharp pointed structure arising from below the epidermis representing a modified leaf or stipule any structure with the appearance of a true spine

Front 103

sporophyte

Back 103

the diploid spore producing generation of the plant reproductive cycle the dominant and conspicuous plant in the vascular plants

Front 104

spur

Back 104

a hollow slender sac like appendage of a petal or sepal or of the calyx or corolla a short shoot bearing leaves or flowers and fruits

Front 105

stamen

Back 105

the male reproductive organ of a flower consisting of an anther and filament the angiosperm micorsporphyll

Front 106

staminate

Back 106

bearing stamens but no pistils as a male flower which does not produce fruit or seeds bearing stamens

Front 107

stellate

Back 107

star shaped as in hairs with several to many branched radiating from the base

Front 108

stipel

Back 108

a small stipule like structure at the base of a leaflet

Front 109

stipellate

Back 109

bearing stipels

Front 110

stolon

Back 110

an elongate horizontal stem creeping along the ground and rooting at the nodes or at the tip and giving rise to a new plant

Front 111

stoloniferous

Back 111

bearing stolons

Front 112

superior

Back 112

attached above as an ovary that is attached above the point of attachment of the other floral whorls

Front 113

suture

Back 113

a line of fusion the line of dehiscence of a fruit or anther

Front 114

sympetalous

Back 114

with the petals united at least near the base

Front 115

synsepalous

Back 115

with untied sepals

Front 116

tendril

Back 116

a slender twining organ to grasp support for climbing

Front 117

tepal

Back 117

a segment of a perianth which is not differentiated into calyx and corolla a sepal or petal

Front 118

terete

Back 118

round in cross section cylindrical

Front 119

thorn

Back 119

a stiff woody modified stem with a sharp point sometimes applied to any structure resembling a true thorn

Front 120

tomentose

Back 120

with a covering of short matted or tangled soft wooly hairs with tomentum

Front 121

trifoliate

Back 121

with three leaves or three leaflets

Front 122

tuber

Back 122

the thickened portion of a rhizome bearing nodes and buds underground stem modified for food storage

Front 123

vascular

Back 123

of or pertaining to conductive tissue of or pertaining to plants possessing conductive tissue

Front 124

whorl

Back 124

a ring like arrangement of similar parts arising from a common point or node a verticil

Front 125

whorled

Back 125

with parts arranged in whorls as in a leaf arrangement with three or more leaves arising form a node

Front 126

xylem

Back 126

the water conducting tissue of vascular plants

Front 127

zoophilous

Back 127

animal pollinated

Front 128

adventitious

Back 128

structures or organs developing in an unusual position as roots originating on the stem

Front 129

fibrous roots

Back 129

a root system with all of the branches of approximately equal thickness as in the grasses and other moncots

Front 130

taproots

Back 130

the main root axis from which smaller roots branches arise a root system with a main root axis and smaller branches as in most dicots

Front 131

blade

Back 131

the broad part of a leaf

Front 132

margin

Back 132

the edge of a leaf blade

Front 133

petiole

Back 133

a leaf stalk

Front 134

petiolule

Back 134

the stalk of a leaflet of a compound leaf

Front 135

rachis

Back 135

the main axis of a compound leaf

Front 136

stipule

Back 136

one of a pair of leaf like appendages found at the base of the petiole in some leaves

Front 137

acerose

Back 137

needle shaped as the leaves of pine or spruce

Front 138

awl shaped

Back 138

short narrowly triangular and sharply pointed like an awl

Front 139

cordate

Back 139

heart shaped with the notch at the base

Front 140

deltoid

Back 140

with the shape of the Greek letter delta

Front 141

lanceolate

Back 141

lance shaped much longer than wide with the widest point below the middle

Front 142

linear

Back 142

resembling a line long and narrow with more or less parallel sides

Front 143

ovate

Back 143

egg shaped in outline and attached at the broad end (applied to plane surfaces)

Front 144

peltate

Back 144

shield shaped borne on a stalk attached to the lower surface rather than to the base or margin

Front 145

verticillate

Back 145

arranged in verticils whorled

Front 146

bract

Back 146

a reduced leaf or leaf like structure at the base of a flower or inflorescence

Front 147

disk

Back 147

In the compositae (asteraceae) the central portion of the involucrate head bearing tubular or disk flowers

Front 148

pedicel

Back 148

the stalk of a single flower in an inflorescence or of a grass spikelet

Front 149

peduncle

Back 149

the stalk of a solitary flower or of an inflorescence

Front 150

ray

Back 150

and inflorescence branch in an umbel

Front 151

scape

Back 151

a leafless peduncle arising from ground level (usually from a basal rosette) in acaulescent plants

Front 152

capitulum

Back 152

a small flower head

Front 153

solitary

Back 153

flowers occurring singly and not borne in a cluster or group

Front 154

umbel

Back 154

a flat topped or convex inflorescence with the pedicels arising more or less from a common point like the struts of an umbrella a highly condensed raceme

Front 155

calyx

Back 155

the outer perianth whorl collective term for all of the sepals of a flower

Front 156

corolla

Back 156

the collective name for all of the petals of a flower the inner perianth whorl