Plant Physiology Bio 435 Cal Poly Steinmoss Knight Exam 2 Quiz #3

Front 1

Name the four primary metabolites

Back 1

carbohydrates, proteins, nucleic acids, and lipids

Front 2

What three important functions do secondary metabolites perform for plants?

Back 2

structure, defense

Front 3

Do plant secondary metabolites have limited or extensive phylogenetic distribution?

Back 3

restricted

Front 4

Plant secondary metabolites can be divided into three chemically distinct groups, what are they?

Back 4

terpenes, phenolics, nitrogen containing compounds

Front 5

What is the basic structural element of a terpene called?

Back 5

isoprene unit

Front 6

What two pathways exist for terpene biosynthesis?

Back 6

The mevalonic acid pathway and the methylergthritol phosphate pathway

Front 7

The terpene saponin protects against what type of invader?

Back 7

fungal

Front 8

The two ways in which terpenes act as "primary" metabolites are?

Back 8

Hormones, Caratenoid Pigments

Front 9

What are four foles of phenolic compounds?

Back 9

1) Defense against herbivores and pathogens,
2) mechanical support,
3) attracting pollinators and fruit dispersers,
4) in absorbing harmful ultraviolet radiation

Front 10

What is the most abundant organic substance in plants after cellulose? Describe it's role

Back 10

lignin, it provides support and can be found in conducting tissues such as the cell walls of Xylem

Front 11

The different types of flavonoid perform a range of functions, including

Back 11

insect and animal attraction

Front 12

Describe the ecological function of volatile compounds in wild plants

Back 12

Volatiles attract natural enemies of the attacking herbivore, and can also signal neighboring plants to initiate expression of defense related genes

Front 13

Describe the chain of events in signal transduction.

Back 13

Signal ----> receptor ----> signal trasduction ---->response

Front 14

How do receptors initiate signal trasduction?

Back 14

affecting the activity of other proteins

Front 15

What was the first (or one of the earliest) signal transduction pathways that was identified in plants?

Back 15

phytochrome

Front 16

What are some commonalities between animal and plant secondary messengers?

Back 16

They both use calcium, lipid signaling molecules, and pH changes, to trigger physiological responses

Front 17

What is a kinase?

Back 17

an enzyme activity that catalyzes phosphorylation

Front 18

What is the utility of a kinase cascade?

Back 18

To transmit a signal in a linear direction

Front 19

What type of protein does the opposite function of a kinase and is also important for signal transduction pathways?

Back 19

phosphatases

Front 20

Describe how phytochromes enter the nucleus

Back 20

light induces a conformational change in the cytoplasmic protein, exposing a nuclear localization signal

Front 21

Why is there this propensity of negative signaling pathways in plants?

Back 21

it's faster

Front 22

How long does it take for a plant cell to transcribe a gene?

Back 22

30 minutes