Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the key characteristics of vascular plants?
|
• key characteristic: they possess vascular tissue, xylem and phloem, for the transport of water and
minerals (in xylem), and food molecules (in phloem) throughout the plant body • this group includes the seedless vascular plants and seed plants... |
|
|
extensions of individual epidermal cells of a root that serve to increase water and
mineral uptake from the soil by virtue of increasing the total absorptive surface area of the root |
root hairs
|
|
|
refers to the ability of a terminal bud to inhibit axillary bud development (and
thus inhibit lateral plant growth). The inhibition occurs via the action of one or more hormones produced by the terminal bud. |
Apical dominance
|
|
|
• ~ 275 000 species
• flowers produce seeds in protective chambers and develop into fruits for protection and dispersal • two major groups... monocots and dicots |
angiosperms
|
|
|
• < 1 000 species
• since their seeds are not produced in special chambers, they are considered to have “naked” seeds • includes the conifers... such as firs, pines, spruces, redwoods |
gymnosperms
|
|
|
What are the characteristics of a monocot?
|
one cotyledon
parallel veins fibrous root system vascular bundles in complex arrangement floral parts in multiples of three |
|
|
what are the characteristics of a eudicot?
|
two cotyledons
branched veins vascular bundles arranged in a ring floral parts in multiples of 4 or 5 taproot system |
|
|
provide for photosynthesis, gas exchange, reproduction, some food & water storage
• includes stems, leaves, and reproductive structures |
shoots
|
|
|
is composed of a photosynthetic blade and a petiole that joins it to a node
|
leaf
|
|
|
occur at nodes and are typically dormant, but can
be induced to produce new branches and increase a plant’s width |
auxillary buds
|
|
|
provide for
growth in height |
terminal buds
|
|
|
what are the characteristics of the dermal tissue system?
|
• the epidermis
• usually a single layer of cells • may have specializations: waxy cuticle, various trichomes (e.g. root hairs), guard cells & stomata • functions: protection against damage, dessication, infection • most are non-photosynthetic (but guard cells are photosynthetic) |
|
|
what are the characteristics of the vascular system tissue?
|
• xylem and phloem tissue
• functions: transport, structural roles |
|
|
what are the characteristics of the ground tissue system?
|
• various cell types (parenchyma [mainly], collenchyma, sclerenchyma)
• fills spaces between dermal and vascular systems • functions: photosynthesis, storage, support |
|
|
what are the characteristics of the root system?
|
• the epidermis lacks a cuticle
• ground tissue (cortex) functions in storage and in conducting water and minerals from the root surface to the vascular tissue • innermost layer of cortex (endodermis) acts as a selective barrier, regulating the passage of material into the vascular tissue |
|
|
provides a plant with a vast surface area for gas
exchange |
mesophyll
|
|
|
• often the most abundant type
• thin primary walls, often equal-sided • function in food storage, photosynthesis, aerobic respiration, repair |
parenchyma cells
|
|
|
• thicker, less flexible primary wall
• often longer (the cells elongate with growing tissues) • function in support for growing tissues |
collenchyma cells
|
|
|
• most dead at maturity
• have rigid lignified cell walls • function in support & protection • two major types: • fibres that are elongated in bundles • sclereids (stone cells) with thick irregular walls |
sclerenchyma cells
|
|
|
sieve-tube members...
• alive at maturity, but lack nuclei, ribosomes and thus rely on a companion cell for many needed proteins, ATP,... • thin primary walls (no secondary walls) • ends form sieve plates with many plasmodesmata • arranged end-to-end • function in transport of sugars and other food molecules |
food-conducting cells of phloem tissue
|
|
|
dead at maturity
• elongated with thick rigid secondary cell walls • function in transport of water and minerals, and support |
water-conducting cells of xylem tissue
|
|
|
• tapered with ends covered with open pits
• arranged end-to-end |
tracheids (water-conducting cells of xylem tissue)
|
|
|
• wider and shorter with ends completely open
• arranged end-to-end |
vessel elements (water-conducting cells of xylem tissue)
|
