Plant Biology

Front 1

Tcells

Back 1

maturein the thymus, receptor (on its plasma membrane) binds to viral antigen ofaffected cell, releases pore-forming protein that punches holes in the infectedcell’s plasma membrane.

Front 2

B-cells

Back 2

maturein bone marrow, produces antibodies, memory increases the strength and speed ofimmune response.

Front 3

Physical/ConstitutiveDefense

Back 3

preformedbarriers to protect plant from invasion, also gives plant strength and rigidity(i.e. thorns, bark, spines, cutins/waxes= long chains of lipids that areextremely hydrophobic, helps retain water and keep bark from drying out)

Front 4

Chemical/InducedDefense

Back 4

production of toxic chemicals/secondaymetabolites (i.e. alkaloids, stimulants, narcotics, psychoactives) which areformed from byproducts or intermediates of primary metabolism

Front 5

Causesof Malnourishment

Back 5

lackof education, economic opportunity, an increased demand for food and water,government corruption and gangs

Front 6

Roundup-ReadyCrops

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1.Gene added to crop
2. Plant is resistant to herbicides
3. Herbicides used to control weeds
4. Weeds killed, not crops
5. Reduce use of herbicides!

Front 7

FoodInc. Recap

Back 7

A lot of our food is clever rearrangement of corn
Monsanto is a giant GMO-based corporation
Bad calories are cheaper because: US gov subsidizes main ingredients of theseproducts

Front 8

Goodplants to eat

Back 8

Chia seeds, blueberries, cranberries, Amaranth, garlic, almonds, and Spirulina

Front 9

Terpene

Back 9

foundin green food, soy products and grains,

one of LARGEST classes of phytonutrients,

function as antioxidants

Front 10

Terpenoids

Back 10

occurin plants,

largest secondary metabolites,

primary component of essential oils

Front 11

Carotenoids

Back 11

brightyellow, orange, and red plant pigments found in vegetables offer protectionagainst lung, colorectal, breast, uterine and prostate cancers

enhance immune response and protect skin cells against Uv radiation

Front 12

Allylic sulfides

Back 12

antimutigenicand anticarcinogenic properties, immune and cardiovascular protection, anti-growth properties for tumors,fungi, etc.

Front 13

Phenols

Back 13

bluered and violet colorations

block enzymes that cause inflammation

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Phenolics

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largesecondary metabolites produced by plants

include defense related compoundslike flavonoids, anthocyanins, phytoalexins

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Flavonoids

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Inhibitspecific enzymes that raise blood pressure and strengthen tiny capillaries

enhancevitamin C effects, act against allergies, inflammation, free radicals, plateletaggregation, microbes, ulcers, viruses and tumors

Front 16

Isoflavones

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blockenzymes that promote tumor growth

help reduce negative effects of lowerestrogen production in menopausal women

Front 17

Alkaloids

Back 17

bitter-tastingnitrogenous compounds including caffeine, cocaine, morphine, and nicotine