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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Electron orbits in the electron cloud are restrictive to very specific what?
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Radii and energies
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Electron Orbits: Are all the electron energies different for each individual element?
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Yes
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Doppler Effect: What does the color blue mean?
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Something is coming closer or is close
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Doppler Effect: What does the color red mean?
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Something is moving farther away or is far away
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Are comets rocky or icy?
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Icey
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What is outside of the nucleus in a comet?
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The coma
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Define: Coma (in a comet)
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The gases around the nucleus
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In a comet, what is the nucleus made of
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Mainly ice. But there is also CO, Co2 in it.
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Where does a meteor shower come from?
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Comet fragments
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What is the Kuiper belt?
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A group of short period comets that come through the solar system regularly and only along the plane of the ecliptic -- extension of the eclipticp lane
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The Kuiper belt is considered to be what?
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The source of short period comets
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What are the two types of tails of a comet?
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Type 1: Ionized Gas
*Effected by solar wind *Gases from the coma Type 2: dust grains *Heavier than the Ionized Gas |
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Moon: What is the daytime temperature?
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130 degrees centigrade
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What is the cause for the dark regions on the moon?
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Lava fills up the craters
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Where are the Vesicular Basalts common?
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In the Lunar Highlands
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Moon Rocks: What is a Vesicular Basalt?
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It contains holes from gas bubbles in the lava, basalts, this is typical of dark rocks found in maria.
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What is a Breccias?
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It is a Fragment of different types of rocks cemented together. It also contains anorthosites (bright, low density rocks typical in the highlands)
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Moon: The lunar Maria has a lot of what?
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Lava flows
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What is common in the Lunar highlands?
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The Vesicular Basalts
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What is older, the Lunar highlands or the Lunar Maria?
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The Lunar Highlands is older. The Lunar Maria is young.
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Maria ______ almost tore the moon apart
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Embria
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What causes erosion on the moon?
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Micrometeorite impact, since there are no winds nothing really changes on the moon very often.
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What do the moon craters show us?
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The history of creation
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Where did the lava come from during the Formation of Maria?
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The Lunar Mantle
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Where is the Mantle in relation to the Core and the crust?
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In the middle
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Is the meteor that caused the crater in Arizona possibly caused the extinction of the Dinosaurs?
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No
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What crater might have a connection with the extinction of the dinosaurs?
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The Chicxulb crater
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How wide is the Tycho moon crater?
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85 km
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What is the penumbra?
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The larger and lighter shadow caused by planets. Causes a 'partial' eclipse
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What is the umbra?
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The 'ultimate' shadow. A tiny dot that sits in the middle of the penumbra
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When does a lunar eclipse occur?
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When the moon passes in Earth's shadow
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Whats more common, Solar or Lunar eclipses?
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Lunar eclipses
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During a total eclipse, why does it have a more red tint?
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Because the blue is scattered
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Is the umbra a tiny or large?
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tiny
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When do you see a partial eclipse?
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When you are in the penumbra --'p for partial!'
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On what eclipse do you see a silver corona?
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A total eclipse
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During an eclipse, does the sun and the moon have the same diameter?
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Only during a total eclipse
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What is the apogee?
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The position furthest away from the earth
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What is the perigee?
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The position closest to the earth
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What is the perihelion?
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The closest part to the sun
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What is the aphelion?
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The furthest point from the sun.
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During an annular solar eclipse, is the earth usually far away or close to the moon?
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Far away
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Why are eclipses going to end?
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Because the radius of the moons orbit is getting farther and farther away.
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What is the line of nodes?
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It is the intersection of hte plane of the moon's orbit and the ecliptic
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How many times a year to eclipses occur?
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Twice a year during the eclipse season. This is when the line of nodes points toward the sun
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What is a pressure wave? (p-wave)
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When the particles vibrate back and forth -- compression
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What is a sheer wave? (s-wave)
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When the particles vibrate up and down.
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Which wave (p-wave or s-wave) cannot pass through liquid?
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The sheer wave (s-wave)
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Define: Mafic
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High concentration of metals
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What wave is used to tell whether or not the earth's interior is liquid or not?
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P-waves (pressure waves)
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What is a solar wind composed of (Electrons, protons or/and neutrons)
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Electrons and protons
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What does earth's magnetic field protect us from?
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The earth's magnetic field protects Earth from high energy particles coming from the sun and solar wind
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What generates Earth's magnetic field?
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Iron and nickel create high electrical conductivity which generate a magnetic field
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What is Earth's core made out of ?
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Iron and Nickel
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What do the Van Allen belts generate? What did they create because of this?
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The Van Allen belts generate a lot of radiation. Because of this, they created the Aurora.
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Doppler effect: Is blue a high frequency or a low frequency?
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High frequency
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When stars are moving away, is this a blueshift or a redshift?
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a red shift
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How are we able to detect extra solar planets?
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Due to the doppler wobble
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What is the doppler wobble?
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When a star wobbles around a planet. It is used to detet extra solar planets
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Are comets Icy or rocky?
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Icey
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Are asteroids rocky or icy?
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Rocky
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What is the largest documented comet and how large?
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Ceres - 1000 kilometers
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How many cataloged asteroids are there?
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Over 11,000
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What is the likely hood of these cataloged asteroides hitting us?
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No likelyhood
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Meteoride: What is it?
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A small body in space.
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Does earth provide protection against a meteor/meteorite?
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No, anything larger than a basketball can get through
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Define: Amor
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Grazes earth's orbit. There is no threat for impact
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Define: Aros
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When a meteorite comes to the perihelion.
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Define all these colors:
M-type C-type and S-type |
M-type: metal rich
c-type: carbon rich s-type: silicate rich |
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What are the 3 types of meteorites? What are they made up of?
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Iron;
Stony iron, 50% stone, 50% iron; Stony - 25% iron, rest stone |
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What is a carbonaceous chondrite?
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Left over tiny bits of rock that formed when the solar system was formed. Most pristene of rocky materials that went into planets
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Two types of impact velocites:
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Slow and fast
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Impact velocity: How does a slow impact work?
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When an astroid or comet catch up to earth or vise versa. PROGRADE MOTION
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Impact velocity: How does a fast impact work?
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When a retrograde and a prograde object hit
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What belt does pluto come from?
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The kuiper belt
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What is titdal coupling?
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The moon constanly rotates with the same face twoards earth. --Rotation is 28 days.
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define: Continental crust
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Felic compostion, rich in silica, made up of rocks, oxygen and aluminum
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How fast do plates move?
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2-18 feet
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Where are strato volcanoes usually found?
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Along the subduction zones
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